Eating Disorders in College

Phillips, Elaine L.; Pratt, Helen D.

doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2004.10.003

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We chose undergraduate women ( N = 110) for this study because women face higher levels of weight stigma and perceive themselves as overweight at lower levels of BMI compared with men . Undergraduates are also particularly susceptible to negative health behaviors accompanying weight stigma (e.g., unhealthy dieting) . Because weight stigmatization is implausible for participants perceiving themselves as thin, inclusion criteria included self‐perception of weight as “average” or “heavy” during prescreening.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The weight of stigma: Cortisol reactivity to manipulated weight stigma

Himmelstein

Belsky

Tomiyama

2014

Obesity

121

134

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Objective: Rates of weight-based stigmatization have steadily increased over the past decade. The psychological and physiological consequences of weight stigma remain understudied. Methods: This study examined the effects of experimentally manipulated weight stigma on the stressresponsive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) in 110 female undergraduate participants (BMI: M 5 19.30, SD 5 1.55). Objective BMI and self-perceived body weight were examined as moderators of the relationship between stigma and HPA reactivity. Results: Results indicated participants' perceptions of their own body weight (but not objective BMI) moderated the effect of weight stigma on cortisol reactivity: F(1,102) 5 13.48, P < 0.001, g 2 p 5 0.12 (interaction 95% CI range [22.06 to 21.44, 21.31 to 20.99]). Specifically, participants who perceived themselves as heavy exhibited sustained cortisol elevation post-manipulation compared with individuals who did not experience the weight-related stigma. Cortisol change did not vary by condition for participants who perceived themselves as average weight. Conclusions: In the first study to examine physiological consequences of active interpersonal exposure to weight stigma, experiencing weight stigma was stressful for participants who perceived themselves as heavy, regardless of their BMI. These results are important because stress and cortisol are linked to deleterious health outcomes, stimulate eating, and contribute to abdominal adiposity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The weight of stigma: Cortisol reactivity to manipulated weight stigma

Himmelstein

Belsky

Tomiyama

2014

Obesity

121

134

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“…We focused on females because the prevalence of restrained eating is higher in this population (27). One hundred and fifteen participants were randomized; complete follow-up data was available for 99 participants (86% retention rate).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Calorie Dieting Increases Cortisol

Tomiyama¹,

Mann²,

Vinas³

et al. 2010

Psychosomatic Medicine

160

117

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Objective: To test the hypothesis that dieting, or the restriction of caloric intake, is ineffective because it increases chronic psychological stress and cortisol production-two factors that are known to cause weight gain; and to examine the respective roles of the two main behaviors that comprise dieting-monitoring one's caloric intake and restricting one's caloric intake-on psychological and biological stress indicators. Methods: In a 2 (monitoring vs. not) ϫ 2 (restricting vs. not) fully crossed, controlled experiment, 121 female participants were assigned randomly to one of four dietary interventions for 3 weeks. The monitoring ϩ restricting condition tracked their caloric intake and restricted their caloric intake (1200 kcal/day); the monitoring only condition tracked their caloric intake but ate normally; the restricting only condition was provided 1200 kcal/day of food but did not track their calories, and the control group ate normally and did not track their intake. Before and after the interventions, participants completed measures of perceived stress and 2 days of diurnal saliva sampling to test for cortisol. Results: Restricting calories increased the total output of cortisol, and monitoring calories increased perceived stress. Conclusions: Dieting may be deleterious to psychological well-being and biological functioning, and changes in clinical recommendations may be in order.

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“…These responses were used in aggregate with participants' scores on the DEBQ‐R, the binge criteria score, and the purging/compensatory criterion to assign them into the exploratory ED groups. Given the high incidence of EDs in college populations,34 it was not unreasonable to expect that some students had experience with an ED or met subclinical criteria for an ED. The client participants from Acoria were expected to report BED and did, with some reporting BN.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretive food concocting in binge eating: Test of a famine hypothesis

Boggiano

Turan

Maldonado

et al. 2012

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective Food concocting, or making strange food mixtures, is well documented in the famine and experimental semistarvation literature and appears anecdotally in rare descriptions of eating disorder (ED) patients but has never been scientifically investigated. Here we do so in the context of binge-eating using a “famine hypothesis of concocting.” Method A sample of 552 adults varying in binge eating and dieting traits completed a Concocting Survey created for this study. Exploratory ED groups were created to obtain predictions as to the nature of concocting in clinical populations. Results Binge eating predicted the 24.6% of participants who reported having ever concocted but dietary restraint, independently, even after controlling for binge eating, predicted its frequency and salience. Craving was the main motive. Emotions while concocting mirrored classic high-arousal symptoms associated with drug use; while eating the concoctions were associated with intensely negative/self-deprecating emotions. Concocting prevalence and salience was greater in the anorexia > bulimia > BED > no ED groups, consistent with their respectively incrementing dieting scores. Discussion Concocting distinguishes binge eating from other overeating and, consistent with the famine hypothesis, is accounted for by dietary restraint. Unlike its adaptive function in famine, concocting could worsen binge-eating disorders by increasing negative effect, shame, and secrecy. Its assessment in these disorders may prove therapeutically valuable.

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Eating Disorders in College

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

The weight of stigma: Cortisol reactivity to manipulated weight stigma

The weight of stigma: Cortisol reactivity to manipulated weight stigma

Low Calorie Dieting Increases Cortisol

Secretive food concocting in binge eating: Test of a famine hypothesis

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