Eating Frequency and Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Tseng, Marilyn; Ingram, Deborah D.; Darden, Rebecca; Ziegler, Regina G.; Longnecker, Matthew P.

doi:10.1207/s15327914nc3602_5

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, the case-control design is subject to recall bias, and it is possible that diagnosis or symptoms influenced actual eating behavior or recall of eating frequency in cases in these studies. In contrast to these findings, prospective data from two studies (24, 25) and the present investigation suggest the possibility of an inverse relationship between eating frequency and CRC risk. Using data from 9,978 subjects in the Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study of the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHEFS-NHANES), Tseng and colleagues found a non-significant inverse relationship between eating frequency and CRC risk such that CRC risk was 34% lower in participants who ate 3 or 4 times per day as compared to those who ate fewer than 3 times per day (relative risk: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.42–1.03).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Using data from 9,978 subjects in the Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study of the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHEFS-NHANES), Tseng and colleagues found a non-significant inverse relationship between eating frequency and CRC risk such that CRC risk was 34% lower in participants who ate 3 or 4 times per day as compared to those who ate fewer than 3 times per day (relative risk: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.42–1.03). This relationship was driven by increased meal, rather than snack frequency (24). In a more recent study conducted among 34,968 men within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, Mekary and colleagues found no overall association between eating frequency and risk of CRC, with eating frequency defined by total meals and snacks (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the majority of case-control studies have suggested a positive relationship between eating frequency and risk for CRC (3, 4, 16–23), only a few prospective cohort studies have been published. Tseng et al examined data from NHANES and reported a borderline-significant inverse association between eating frequency with colorectal cancer risk (24). Similarly, Mekary et al observed an inverse association among subgroups defined by diet quality among participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eating frequency and risk of colorectal cancer

Perrigue

Kantor

Hastert

et al. 2013

Cancer Causes Control

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Purpose Eating frequency is a modifiable aspect of dietary behavior that may affect risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Although most previous case-control studies indicate a positive association, two prospective studies suggest an inverse association between eating frequency and CRC risk, with evidence of effect modification by diet composition. We examined the association between eating frequency and CRC in a large, prospective cohort study, and explored whether this relationship was modified by sex, coffee consumption or dietary glycemic load. Methods Between 2000 and 2002, 67,912 western Washington residents aged 50–76 reported average daily meal and snack frequency using a mailed questionnaire as part of the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) study. Participants were followed for CRC through linkage with SEER through 2008, over which time 409 CRC cases developed. Hazard Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals were obtained using Cox regression. Results In age and sex adjusted models higher (5+ times/d) vs lower (1–2 times/d) eating frequency was associated with a HR of 0.62 (95% CI 0.43–0.88, P trend =0.001). However, following further adjustment for BMI, race/ethnicity, alcohol and other known CRC risk factors the relationship was no longer statistically significant (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.51, 1.14). No effect modification was observed by sex (Pinteraction=0.45), coffee consumption (Pinteraction=0.44) or dietary glycemic load (Pinteraction=0.90). In subgroup analyses by tumor site, higher vs. lower eating frequency was associated with lower risk for colon (HR 0.65 95% CI 0.39–1.07, Ptrend=0.04), but not rectal cancers (HR = 1.08 95% CI 0.54–2.18, Ptrend=0.94). Conclusion The weak inverse association observed between eating frequency and CRC is consistent with findings from other prospective studies. Modification of this relationship by diet quality and participant characteristics should be considered in future studies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eating frequency and risk of colorectal cancer

Perrigue

Kantor

Hastert

et al. 2013

Cancer Causes Control

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“…Several prior studies investigating eating patterns have suggested an association between increased eating frequency and colon cancer (3,4), but many did not control for potentially important confounders, such as total energy intake (5-7), body mass index (BMI) (6)(7)(8), and physical activity (3,5,(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating Frequency and Colon Cancer Risk

Wei¹,

Connelly²,

Satia³

et al. 2004

Nutrition and Cancer

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Increased exposure of the colon to bile acids, as a result of increased eating frequency, might promote the development of colon cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the association between eating frequency and colon cancer. We used data from a population-based case-control study of colon cancer in North Carolina. Eating frequency (a combination of meals and snacks) was categorized as fewer than three, three or four, or more than four eating episodes per day. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between eating frequency and colon cancer, adjusting for confounders. We also performed stratified analyses to evaluate for differences by sex, coffee intake, or tumor site. Six hundred thirty-six participants with colon cancer and 1,048 control participants were included. The effect of eating frequency on colon cancer differed by sex. Among men, participants in the lowest group of eating frequency had approximately half the risk of colon cancer compared with the middle group (adjusted OR = 0.53; 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.30-0.92). Compared with the middle group, men in the highest group had no greater risk of cancer (adjusted OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.74-1.44). No significant associations were detected among women. Decreased eating frequency was associated with a lower risk of colon cancer among men but not women.

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“…Colorectal cancer has frequently been investigated because it is biologically plausible that eating frequency, bile acid production, and dietary components may interact to influence tumor development or progression specifically in the colon and rectum (7). The majority of studies report that more frequent eating is associated with greater CRC risk (8–17), although a small number of investigations have found an inverse relationship (18, 19). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized Trial Testing the Effects of Eating Frequency on Two Hormonal Biomarkers of Metabolism and Energy Balance

Perrigue

Drewnowski

Wang

et al. 2016

Nutrition and Cancer

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Background Eating frequency may influence obesity-related disease risk by attenuating post-prandial fluctuations in hormones involved in metabolism, appetite regulation, and inflammation. Materials/Methods This randomized crossover intervention trial tested the effects of eating frequency on fasting plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) and leptin. Fifteen participants (4 males, 11 females) completed two eucaloric intervention phases lasting 21 days each: low eating frequency (“low-EF”; 3 eating occasions/day) and high eating frequency (“high-EF”; 8 eating occasions/day). Participants were free-living and consumed their own meals using individualized structured meal plans with instruction from study staff. Participants completed fasting blood draws and anthropometry on the first and last day of each study phase. The GEE modification of linear regression tested the intervention effect on fasting serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and leptin. Results Mean (± SD) age was 28.5 ± 8.70 years, and mean (± SD) BMI was 23.3 (3.4) kg/m2. We found lower mean serum IGF-1 following the high-EF condition compared to the low-EF condition (p<0.001). There was no association between EF and plasma leptin (p=0.83). Conclusion These results suggest that increased eating frequency may lower serum IGF-1, which is a hormonal biomarker linked to increased risk of breast, prostate and colorectal cancer.

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Eating Frequency and Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Eating frequency and risk of colorectal cancer

Eating frequency and risk of colorectal cancer

Eating Frequency and Colon Cancer Risk

Randomized Trial Testing the Effects of Eating Frequency on Two Hormonal Biomarkers of Metabolism and Energy Balance

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