“…Water scarcity has become a main challenge for the world, with increasing demand resulting from the growing population, accelerating economic development, and rapid urbanization (Yilmaz et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2017). Globally, irrigation water is becoming an increasingly scarce resource for agriculture in Tunisia and in many regions of the world (Hamza, 2008;Abdelhafidh and Bachta, 2016;Ben Nasr and Bachta, 2018;Mahdhi et al, 2011;Mahdhi and Sghaier, 2013;Zema et al, 2018;Mahdhi et al, 2019). Tunisia is placed in the category of the least water resources-endowed countries in the Mediterranean basin (ITES-Institut Tunisien des études stratégiques, 2011;2014;Elloumi, 2016).…”