ecancermedicalscience

BackgroundWomen living in Africa experience the highest burden of cervical cancer. Research and investment to improve vaccination, screening, and treatment efforts are critically needed. We systematically reviewed and characterized recent research within a broader public health framework to organize and assess the range of cervical cancer research in Africa.MethodsWe searched online databases and the Internet for published articles and cervical cancer reports in African countries. Inclusion criteria included publication between 2004 and 2014, cervical cancer-related content pertinent to one of the four public health categories (primary, secondary, tertiary prevention or quality of life), and conducted in or specifically relevant to countries or regions within the African continent. The study design, geographic region/country, focus of research, and key findings were documented for each eligible article and summarized to illustrate the weight and research coverage in each area. Publications with more than one focus (e.g. secondary and tertiary prevention) were categorized by the primary emphasis of the paper. Research specific to HIV-infected women or focused on feasibility issues was delineated within each of the four public health categories.ResultsA total of 380 research articles/reports were included. The majority (54.6 %) of cervical cancer research in Africa focused on secondary prevention (i.e., screening). The number of publication focusing on primary prevention (23.4 %), particularly HPV vaccination, increased significantly in the past decade. Research regarding the treatment of precancerous lesions and invasive cervical cancer is emerging (17.6 %), but infrastructure and feasibility challenges in many countries have impeded efforts to provide and evaluate treatment. Studies assessing aspects of quality of life among women living with cervical cancer are severely limited (4.1 %). Across all categories, 11.3 % of publications focused on cervical cancer among HIV-infected women, while 17.1 % focused on aspects of feasibility for cervical cancer control efforts.ConclusionsCervical cancer research in African countries has increased steadily over the past decade, but more is needed. Tertiary prevention (i.e. treatment of disease with effective medicine) and quality of life of cervical cancer survivors are two severely under-researched areas. Similarly, there are several countries in Africa with little to no research ever conducted on cervical cancer.

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Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: a systematic review from a public health perspective

Finocchario-Kessler

et al. 2016

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Peculiarities of Diagnostics and Course of Uterine Cervical Cancer Among Hiv-Infected Women

Бехтерева¹,

Yaytsev²,

Akhetov³

et al. 2018

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Objective: To assess the clinical course of uterine cervical cancer (UCC) against the background of HIV infection and its complex diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis carried out to 847 outpatient cards of patients for the period 2016-2017. Of these, 17 were HIV-positive. Two groups were formed: group I – patients with UCC on the background of HIV, group II – patients with UCC without HIV. The mean age was 37.4±0.2 and 52.8±0.3 years, respectively. Stages of UCC in group I: IIB – 6 (35.5%), IIIA – 4 (23.5%), IIIB – 6 (35.5%), IVB – 1 (5.5%); in the II group: IB – 3 (15%), IIB – 10 (50%), IIIB – 6 (30%), IVB – 1 (5%). Distribution according to the histological structure in group I: squamous nonkeratinized cancer – 11 (68.75%), keratinizing – 1 (6.25%), adenocarcinoma – 4 (25%). In group II: squamous nonkeratinized cancer – 13 (65%), squamous keratinizing – 3 (15%), adenocarcinoma – 4 (2%). The groups were comparable in treatment methods: in both groups, chemoradiation therapy was used according to standard schemes. Results: Indicators in the I group: lethality – 4 (23.5%), stabilization – 5 (23.5%), progression – 8 (53%); in the second group: lethality – 1 (5%), stabilization – 14 (70%), progression – 5 (25%). Conclusion: UCC in the background of HIV infection occurs at an earlier age. The predominance of stage IIB disease and squamous nonkeratinized cancer in both groups was noted. Mortality within the first year, stabilization and progression in the I and II groups were 23.5%, 23.5%, 53% and 5%, 70%, 25%, respectively. Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), uterine cervical cancer, lethality, stabilization, progressing.

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Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence in patients with invasive cervical cancer in Zaria, North-Western Nigeria

Abdullahi

Mustapha²,

David

et al. 2018

Ann Afr Med

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Background:Cervical cancer is the commonest gynecological malignancy in our environment and is an Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-associated malignancy. Documented data on the Human Immune-deficiency Virus (HIV) seroprevalence among patients with cervical cancer in our environment are scarce.Objective:The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of HIV infection in women with cancer of the cervix.Study Design:The work is a descriptive survey by design, concentrating in frequency of occurrences of prevalence of the dissease in either cases for a number of years retrospectively carried out at the Radiotherapy and Oncology Centre of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) Zaria.Setting:The study was carried out at the Radiotherapy and Oncology Centre of ABUTH, Zaria.Materials and Methods:A 5 years retrospective review of patients with histologically-proven cancer of the cervix seen in the Radiotherapy and Oncology Centre, ABUTH, Zaria, North-Western Nigeria was undertaken. Data such as age, clinical stage of disease and HIV seropositivity at presentation were retrieved from the case files. Data analysis was done using the SPSS statistical package version IBM 23 and results presented in frequencies and percentages and charts for graphical presentation.Results:A total of 1,639 patients seen over a period of 5 years were reviewed. The age range of both groups of patients was from 28 years to 92 years with a mean age of 50.5 years. One thousand five hundred and seventy-three of the patients (96%) were seronegative to the HIV tests while 66 (4%) were seropositive. The age range of the seropositive patients was 28 - 49 years with a mean age of 38.1 years. Their peak age at presentation was 30 - 39 years. Similarly, the age range of the seronegative patients was 30 – 92 years with a peak at 40-49 years. 51 (89.5%) of the HIV seropositive patients presented with advanced clinical stage disease, i.e, International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) stage 2B and above. 1,363 (93%) of the HIV seronegative patients presented with FIGO 2B disease and above, both scenario illustrating the general trend of late presentation of cancer patients to hospital in our environment.Conclusion:The study shows that the prevalence of HIV infection among cervical cancer patients is low in Zaria, with earlier age of development of cervical cancer among HIV seropositive patients compared to HIV seronegative counterparts. Both group of patients present with cervical cancer at an advanced stage. More studies therefore needed to be done to identify the predisposing factors to the high incidence of invasive cervical cancer in our environment and introduction of cervical cancer screening at an earlier age among HIV seropositive patients.

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ecancermedicalscience

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: a systematic review from a public health perspective

Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: a systematic review from a public health perspective

Peculiarities of Diagnostics and Course of Uterine Cervical Cancer Among Hiv-Infected Women

Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence in patients with invasive cervical cancer in Zaria, North-Western Nigeria

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