ECAP of titanium alloy by sever plastic deformation: A review

Koujalagi, Mallikarjun B.; Siddesha, H.S.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.094

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…To increase the strength of CP Ti to a level of Ti alloys, its grain size refinement to an ultrafine-grained (UFG) regime (<1 µm) or a nanoscale (<100 nm) has been frequently applied in the last years [ 5 ]. This could be obtained by several plastic deformation techniques such as high-pressure torsion (HPT) [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], hydrostatic extrusion (HE) [ 12 , 13 ] or even a simple conventional cold rolling to large thickness reduction [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability and Mechanical Behavior of Ultrafine-Grained Titanium with Different Impurity Content

et al. 2023

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Ultrafine-grained (UFG) commercially pure (Ti Grade 2) and high-purity (Ti 99.99%) titanium can be a good alternative to less biocompatible Ti alloys in many biomedical applications. Their severe plastic deformation may lead to a substantial increase of strength, but their highly refined microstructure show a lower thermal stability which may limit their range of applications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interstitial elements on the thermal stability of UFG Ti Grade 2 and high-purity Ti 99.99% processed by a multi-pass cold rolling to the total thickness reduction of 90%. The severely cold rolled Ti sheets were annealed at temperature in the range of 100–600 °C for 1 h and, subsequently, they were evaluated in terms of microstructure stability, mechanical performance as well as heat effects measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that the microstructure and mechanical properties were relatively stable up to 200 and 400 °C in the case of UFG Ti 99.99% and Ti Grade 2, respectively. DSC measurements confirmed the aforementioned results about lower temperature of recovery and recrystallization processes in the high-purity titanium. Surprisingly, the discontinuous yielding phenomenon occurred in both investigated materials after annealing above their thermal stability range, which was further discussed based on their microstructural characteristics. Additionally, the so-called hardening by annealing effect was observed within their thermal stability range (i.e., at 100–400 °C for UFG Ti Grade 2 and 100 °C for UFG Ti 99.99%).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability and Mechanical Behavior of Ultrafine-Grained Titanium with Different Impurity Content

et al. 2023

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“…Other routes deform differently in different directions because of additional shear strain and crystal anisotropy. This also explains the reason why the B C route obtains a more uniform microstructure in the experiment [14,17,19]. However, Ravisankar and Park found that route A was more effective in grain refinement for BCC alloys.…”

Section: Deformation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Commonly used severe plastic deformation methods include high-pressure torsion (HPT), equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), twist channel angular pressing (TCAP), twist channel multi-angular pressing (TCMAP), cyclic extrusion and compression (CEC), accumulative rolling bonding(ARB), etc. [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ECAP technique can prepare large-scale ultrafine grain bulk materials without changing the workpiece size and area of the material, which has great application potential in comparison to other SPD methods [14,17]. Many scholars have used this method to alter the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of non-ferrous metals including Al, Ti, Mg, Cu, and their alloys [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many scholars have used this method to alter the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of non-ferrous metals including Al, Ti, Mg, Cu, and their alloys [17,18]. Previous studies have shown that the improvement of material properties by ECAP is affected by many factors, such as passes, temperature, routes, back pressures, channel angle, etc., and the grain size can be effectively reduced by controlling the processing parameters [14,17,19,20]. The strain distribution of aluminum after different channel angles, curvature angles, and passes was simulated by the finite element method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in the Equal Channel Angular Pressing of Metallic Materials

et al. 2022

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Applications of a metallic material highly depend on its mechanical properties, which greatly depend on the material’s grain sizes. Reducing grain sizes by severe plastic deformation is one of the efficient approaches to enhance the mechanical properties of a metallic material. In this paper, severe plastic deformation of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) will be reviewed to illustrate its effects on the grain refinement of some common metallic materials such as titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, and magnesium alloys. In the ECAP process, the materials can be processed severely and repeatedly in a designed ECAP mold to accumulate a large amount of plastic strain. Ultrafine grains with diameters of submicron meters or even nanometers can be achieved through severe plastic deformation of the ECAP. In detail, this paper will give state-of-the-art details about the influences of ECAP processing parameters such as passes, temperature, and routes on the evolution of the microstructure of metallic materials. The evolution of grain sizes, grain boundaries, and phases of different metallic materials during the ECAP process are also analyzed. Besides, the plastic deformation mechanism during the ECAP process is discussed from the perspectives of dislocation slipping and twinning.

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Eşit Kanallı Açısal Presleme Yönteminde Kanal Açılarının ve İç Köşe Kavisinin Deformasyona Etkisinin Sonlu Elemanlar Metodu ile İncelenmesi

BAYSAL,

KOÇAR,

ANAÇ

et al. 2023

Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi

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Aşırı plastik deformasyona maruz bırakılma işlemi, malzemenin mekanik özelliklerini geliştirmek amacıyla ultra ince tanelerin oluşturulmasına olanak sağlamaktadır. Aşırı plastik deformasyon yöntemlerinden biri olan Eşit Kanallı Açısal Presleme (EKAP) yöntemi de malzeme kesitinde herhangi bir değişiklik olmadan, malzemenin kayma gerilmelerine maruz kalması sonucu mekanik özelliklerin iyileşmesine imkân sağlayan bir yöntemdir. Bu yöntemle malzemelerin mekanik özelliklerin daha da artması hem işlem parametrelerine ve hem de işlem parametrelerinin optimizasyonuna bağlıdır. Özellikle, malzemenin kanal içerisinden geçişi sırasında kalıp açıları kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu açılar, uygulanacak olan kuvvet ve deformasyon miktarı üzerinde doğrudan etkilidir. Deneysel süreç başlamadan malzemede meydana gelebilecek deformasyonu önceden tahmin etmek sürecin doğru ilerlemesi açısından çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada tane boyutu üzerinde en etkili parametrelerden olan kanal açısı, dış kavis açısı ve iç köşe kavis değeri dikkate alınmıştır. Kanal açısı (Φ) 90o ve 120o, dış kavis açısı (ψ) 0o ve 20o, iç köşe kavis değerleri ise 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mm olarak alınmıştır. Kalıp ile numune arasındaki temas şekli, sürtünmesiz olarak kabul edilerek numunenin uğradığı deformasyon miktarı tespit edilmiş ve gerekli olan kuvvet değeri hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre en yüksek gerilme değeri Φ=90o, ψ=20o ve r=0 mm olan modelde gözlenmiştir. Kanal açısının artırılması kuvvet değerini azaltırken deformasyon miktarını da düşürmektedir. İç köşe kavis değerinin artması Φ=90o kanal açısı için gerilme değerlerinde önemli değişiklikler göstermesine rağmen Φ=120o kanal açısı için kayda değer değişiklikler gözlenmemiştir.

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ECAP of titanium alloy by sever plastic deformation: A review

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Thermal Stability and Mechanical Behavior of Ultrafine-Grained Titanium with Different Impurity Content

Thermal Stability and Mechanical Behavior of Ultrafine-Grained Titanium with Different Impurity Content

Recent Advances in the Equal Channel Angular Pressing of Metallic Materials

Eşit Kanallı Açısal Presleme Yönteminde Kanal Açılarının ve İç Köşe Kavisinin Deformasyona Etkisinin Sonlu Elemanlar Metodu ile İncelenmesi

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