Eccentric exercise as an adjuvant to influenza vaccination in humans

Edwards, Kate M.; Burns, Victoria E.; Allen, Louise; McPhee, Jamie S.; Bosch, Jos A.; Carroll, Douglas; Drayson, Mark T.; Ring, Christopher

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2006.04.158

Cited by 110 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…One system that would appear to be critical in this context is the immune system. What is called the acute stress-induced immuno-enhancement hypothesis proposes that acute stress up-regulates various aspects of immunity and that this has functional implications for host defence such that exposure to acute stress, and by implication large magnitude stress reactions, might actually enhance the immune system's ability to respond to a contemporary antigen challenge (Dhabhar, 2002;Edwards et al, 2007). However, a full discussion of this issue is beyond the scope of the present review.…”

Section: Self-reported Health and Cardiovascular Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 77%

Blunted cardiovascular reactivity relates to depression, obesity, and self-reported health

Phillips

2011

Biological Psychology

117

103

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The reactivity hypothesis implicates exaggerated cardiovascular reactions to acute psychological stress in the development of hypertension and other cardiovascular disease outcomes. However, cardiovascular reactivity has also been suggested as a mediator between a variety of psychosocial and behavioural risk factors and cardiovascular disease. Data from various analyses of the West of Scotland Twenty-07 study are discussed together, and caution against over-stretching the original reactivity hypothesis. Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed at rest and during an acute mental arithmetic stress task. First, depression, though a putative risk factor for cardiovascular disease, does not appear to confer this risk via exaggerated reactivity, as it was negatively related to reactivity.Second, obesity, another risk factor, was also associated with blunted rather than heightened reactivity.Finally, lower reactivity was related to poorer self-reported health. Similar associations emerged from both cross-sectional and prospective analyses. These seemingly paradoxical results are discussed in terms of implications for the reactivity hypothesis.

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Section: Self-reported Health and Cardiovascular Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 77%

Blunted cardiovascular reactivity relates to depression, obesity, and self-reported health

Phillips

2011

Biological Psychology

117

103

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“…Future studies should examine the influence of exercise training on the cytokine and cell-mediated immune response to primary vaccination in humans, given their importance in regulation of the response (Snapper & Finkelman, 1999) and recovery from infection (McElhaney et al, 2006). Interestingly, in young adults, muscle damaging eccentric exercise when administered 6 hr before influenza vaccination has been shown to increase IFN-γ production in response to in vitro stimulation with whole vaccine in males and anti-influenza antibody responses in females (Edwards et al, 2007). The authors believed that the damaging exercise created a state of inflammation in the vaccinated muscle and thus acted as an adjuvant increasing antibody production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moderate aerobic exercise training (Kohut et al, 2004) in older adults and muscle damaging eccentric contractions in younger adults (Edwards et al, 2007) have both been shown to increase immune responses to influenza vaccination. In addition, several cross-sectional studies have found that highly physically fit (Keylock et al, 2007) or active (Kohut et al, 2002) elderly exhibit elevated antibody responses to recall vaccinations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular exercise intervention improves the primary antibody response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in previously sedentary older adults

Grant¹,

Mariani

Vieira

et al. 2008

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Based upon a prior cross-sectional study, we hypothesized that an aerobic exercise intervention in sedentary older adults would improve a primary T cell-dependent immune response. Participants were a subset of older subjects from a large, ongoing exercise intervention study who were randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise (Cardio, n=30, 68.9 ± 0.8 yrs) or flexibility/balance (Flex, n=20, 69.9 ± 1.2 yrs) intervention. The intervention consisted of either 3 aerobic sessions for 30-60 min at 55-70% VO 2 max or two 60 min flexibility/balance sessions weekly for 10 months. Eight months into the intervention, samples were collected before intramuscular administration of KLH (125 µg), followed by sampling at 2, 3, and 6 wks post-KLH. Serum anti-KLH IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 was measured by ELISA. Physiological and psychosocial measures were also assessed pre-and postintervention. While there was no difference in the anti-KLH IgG2 response between groups, Cardio displayed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher anti-KLH IgG1 (at wks 2, 3, and 6 post) and IgM responses when compared to Flex. Despite cardiovascular intervention-induced improvement in physical fitness (~11% vs. 1% change in VO 2 peak in Cardio vs. Flex, respectively), we found no relationship between improved fitness and enhanced anti-KLH antibody responses. Optimism, perceived stress, and affect were all associated with enhanced immune response. We have shown for the first time that cardiovascular training in previously sedentary elderly results in significantly higher primary IgG1 and IgM antibody responses, while having no effect on IgG2 production.

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“…Finally, even with low activity levels, fitness in younger adults is likely response to exercise such as blood flow and inflammatory markers have been included to a limited extent with associations with immune response reported. 18,25 However, it holds that for clinical reliability, significant further investigation of mechanisms to inform the exercise task design is required. If a simple and appropriate exercise task could be effectively combined with vaccine administration to enhance responses in at risk populations, the public health implications would support implementation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%