Eccentric Muscle Action in Sport and Exercise

Prilutsky, Boris I.

doi:10.1002/9780470693797.ch4

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 153 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Eccentric muscle actions occur when an external force exceeds that force produced by the muscle and the muscle is forcibly lengthened under tension (pure eccentric) (31,35). They have also been referenced as a muscular contraction occurring while the muscle is simultaneously lengthening (6).…”

Section: Eccentric Motions: a Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Conceptual Framework of Different Eccentric Training Methods

Handford,

Bright,

Mundy

et al. 2023

Strength &Amp; Conditioning Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Various methods of eccentric training that aim to increase muscle mass or reduce ground contact time during a landing task have been extensively researched and practically examined. However, multiple methods to implement eccentric training currently exist; they differ in execution and intended training adaptions. There is a clear differentiation between an eccentric muscle action and an eccentric motion whereby a motion alludes to a downward movement of an exercise. The proposed eccentric motions are dissipating eccentrics, deceleration eccentrics, overcoming eccentrics, maximal eccentrics, and rebound eccentrics. These motions formulate into training methods and cues to allow practitioners to clearly differentiate the various eccentric training methods used in research and practice. This review proposes a new conceptual framework that clearly outlines the different forms of eccentric motions that fall into a desired eccentric training method.

show abstract

Section: Eccentric Motions: a Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, eccentric muscle actions are present in sporting tasks, such as sprinting, landing, and downhill skiing (14,27,30,31). The muscle action is primarily believed to act as a damper to dissipate and release energy or increase concentric force output during stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) tasks (4,23,35,42).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Framework of Different Eccentric Training Methods

Handford,

Bright,

Mundy

et al. 2023

Strength &Amp; Conditioning Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Increases in the tendon cross-sectional area [ 59 ] and stiffness [ 60 ] have also been observed following ECC training, probably due to the absolute load applied to the tissue during heavy ECC actions. An increase in MTU stiffness following ECC training could plausibly attenuate the electromechanical delay (i.e., the interval between muscle activation and the development of external force [ 2 ]), and subsequently, aid rate of force development (RFD) and power output [ 50 ]. Finally, it is worth noting that the time-course for adaptation is also somewhat characteristic with ECC training, and an extended period (e.g., 6–8 weeks) between the cessation of ECC training and the targeted period for performance peaking (i.e., competition) may be necessary to maximize strength [ 61 ] and power [ 48 ] outcomes.…”

Section: Physiological Rationale For Incorporating Eccentric Resismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eccentric (ECC) muscle actions involve the active lengthening of muscle tissue against an external force or load [ 1 ], in contrast to isometric (ISO) and concentric (CON) muscle actions which involve no change in muscle length or the shortening of muscle tissue, respectively. It is well documented that skeletal muscle can produce more relative force during ECC muscle actions than ISO or CON actions [ 2 ]. This advocates the use of more efficaciously loaded ECC resistance exercise in the training regimes of athletes, whereby exercise prescription is not constrained by CON strength capacity as in traditional resistance training (TRT; training that typically includes ECC and CON muscle actions but is constrained by CON strength) [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Eccentric Resistance Training—Part 1: A Brief Review of Existing Methods

Suchomel

Wagle²,

Douglas³

et al. 2019

JFMK

107

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this review was to provide a physiological rationale for the use of eccentric resistance training and to provide an overview of the most commonly prescribed eccentric training methods. Based on the existing literature, there is a strong physiological rationale for the incorporation of eccentric training into a training program for an individual seeking to maximize muscle size, strength, and power. Specific adaptations may include an increase in muscle cross-sectional area, force output, and fiber shortening velocities, all of which have the potential to benefit power production characteristics. Tempo eccentric training, flywheel inertial training, accentuated eccentric loading, and plyometric training are commonly implemented in applied contexts. These methods tend to involve different force absorption characteristics and thus, overload the muscle or musculotendinous unit in different ways during lengthening actions. For this reason, they may produce different magnitudes of improvement in hypertrophy, strength, and power. The constraints to which they are implemented can have a marked effect on the characteristics of force absorption and therefore, could affect the nature of the adaptive response. However, the versatility of the constraints when prescribing these methods mean that they can be effectively implemented to induce these adaptations within a variety of populations.

show abstract

“…This reduced motor unit activation has implications on eccentric coordination, with reduced fine motor control, because fewer motor units are needed for the same work (48). In contrast to the force-velocity curve during concentric contractions, force during eccentric contractions increases with higher speeds up to a point where it plateaus or slightly decreases (86). Higher speeds would also produce higher mechanical stress to active fibers (21), with some studies suggesting that high-velocity eccentric contractions do not follow the size-based order of motor unit recruitment (49,72).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flywheel Eccentric Training: How to Effectively Generate Eccentric Overload

Martínez-Hernández

2023

Strength &Amp; Conditioning Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eccentric resistance training has been shown to elicit beneficial effects on performance and injury prevention in sports because of its specific muscular and neural adaptations. Within the different methods used to generate eccentric overload, flywheel eccentric training has gained interest in recent years because of its advantages over other methods such as its portability, the ample exercise variety it allows and its accommodated resistance. Only a limited number of studies that use flywheel devices provide enough evidence to support the presence of eccentric overload. There is limited guidance on the practical implementation of flywheel eccentric training in the current literature. In this article, we provide literature to support the use of flywheel eccentric training and present practical guidelines to develop exercises that allow eccentric overload. See Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/SCJ/A380 for a video abstract of this article.

show abstract

Eccentric Muscle Action in Sport and Exercise

Cited by 7 publications

References 153 publications

A Conceptual Framework of Different Eccentric Training Methods

A Conceptual Framework of Different Eccentric Training Methods

Implementing Eccentric Resistance Training—Part 1: A Brief Review of Existing Methods

Flywheel Eccentric Training: How to Effectively Generate Eccentric Overload

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About