“…Echinacoside (ECH, Figure a), a phenylethanoid glycoside extracted from the medicinal Chinese herb Cistanche tubulosa , has various bioactivities such as antioxidation (Dalby‐Brown, Barsett, Landbo, Meyer, & Molgaard, ), anti‐inflammation (Jia et al, ), anticancer (Dong et al, ; Wang, Luo et al, ), hepatoprotection (Li et al, ), skin protection (Sgarbossa et al, ), and immune modulation (Li et al, ; Li, Song, Chu, & Zhang, ). Reports showed that ECH could protect against oxidative stress‐induced or neurotoxin‐induced neurotoxicity in primary rat cortical neurons, human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells, and pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells (Deng et al, ; Koo et al, ; Wang, Xuan, Tian, & Du, ; Zhu, Lu, & Li, ), and it could attenuate brain damage and improves cognitive function in animal models of Parkinson's disease and Alzhermer's disease (Geng, Tian, Tu, & Pu, ; Wei et al, ; Wu, Lin, & Su, ; Zhao, Gao, Li, & Cai, ).…”