Echinococcus granulosus as a Promising Therapeutic Agent against Triplenegative Breast Cancer

Borji, Hassan; Sadr, Soheil

doi:10.2174/1573394719666230427094247

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…17,18 The adult form of Echinococcus granulosus (Sensu Lato) is located in the definitive host's small intestine. 19,20 Gravid proglottids release their eggs into the feces, and a suitable intermediate host then ingests them. 21,22 The eggs hatch in the small intestine and release six hooked oncospheres, which can pass through the intestinal wall and migrate through the circulatory system to various organs, especially the liver and lungs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of hydatid cyst protoscolex somatic antigens on full‐thickness skin wound healing in mouse

Hosseinzade,

Nourani,

Kazemi Mehrjerdi

et al. 2024

Skin Research and Technology

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BackgroundWound healing has evolved in recent years, resulting in diverse therapeutic options.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effects of the somatic antigen of the hydatid cyst protoscolex on wound healing in mice with full‐thickness skin wounds.MethodsFifty‐four adult mice, weighing 25 ± 5 g and approximately 60 days old, were divided into three groups (A, B, and C), each further divided into three subgroups. Subgroups A1, A2, and A3 were assigned negative controls. B1, B2, and B3 received hydatid cyst somatic antigen tests at 10 µg/SC, whereas C1, C2, and C3 received somatic antigen tests at 20 µg/SC. Under general anesthesia, a wound biopsy puncture of 9.8 mm in diameter was performed on the mice's back and spine. In the experimental group, antigen and alum adjuvant were administered subcutaneously around the wound, while the control group received Phosphate‐Buffered Saline (PBS). Using digital images, a geometric assessment was conducted on days 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 post‐wounding. The obtained images were analyzed by Image J software and after analyzing the data by SPSS software.ResultsA significant difference in terms of epithelization was observed in the antigen treatment group with a dose of 20 µg on days 3 and 6 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the 20 µg antigen group was significantly higher than the 10 µg antigen group in terms of this factor on day 3 (P < 0.05). Skin samples were taken from all wounds on days 3, 10 and 21 for microscopic evaluation. Regarding epithelization, on day 10, a significant difference was observed in the treatment group with a concentration of 10 µg with the control group and the treatment group with a concentration of 20 µg (P < 0.05).ConclusionBased on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that somatic antigens of protoscolex hydatid cyst are dose‐dependent and antigens with a dose of 20 µg by subcutaneous injection accelerate wound healing and epithelialization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of hydatid cyst protoscolex somatic antigens on full‐thickness skin wound healing in mouse

Hosseinzade,

Nourani,

Kazemi Mehrjerdi

et al. 2024

Skin Research and Technology

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“…11,12 Employing pathogenic microorganisms in cancer immunotherapy is not new. Serratia spp, 13 Streptococcus spp, 14 Listeria monocytogenes, 15 Escherichia coli, 16 Lactobacillus casei, 17 Oncolytic virus, 18 Talimogene laherparepve, 19 Newcastle disease virus, 20 yellow fever vaccine 17D, 21 Trypanosoma cruzi, 22 Echinococcus granulosus, 23,24 and Trichinella spiralis, 25 have been shown to eradicate tumor cells. 26 Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) can regulate innate immune cells by invading myeloid cells, typically producing powerful Th1 immune responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A potential cure for tumor‐associated immunosuppression by Toxoplasma gondii

Lotfalizadeh,

Sadr,

Morovati

et al. 2023

Cancer Reports

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BackgroundRecently, immunotherapy has become very hopeful for cancer therapy. Cancer treatment through immunotherapy has excellent specificity and less toxicity than conventional chemoradiotherapy. Pathogens have been used in cancer immunotherapy for a long time. The current study aims to evaluate the possibility of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) as a probable treatment for cancers such as melanoma, breast, ovarian, lung, and pancreatic cancer.Recent findingsNonreplicating type I uracil auxotrophic mutants of T. gondii can stimulate immune responses against tumors by reverse immunosuppression at the cellular level. T. gondii can be utilized to research T helper 1 (Th1) cell immunity in intracellular infections. Avirulent T. gondii uracil auxotroph vaccine can change the tumor's immunosuppression and improve the production of type 1 helper cell cytokines, i.e., Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and Interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) and activate tumor‐related Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8+) T cells to identify and destroy cancer cells. The T. gondii profilin protein, along with T. gondii secreted proteins, have been found to exhibit promising properties in the treatment of various cancers. These proteins are being studied for their potential to inhibit tumor growth and enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapies. Their unique mechanisms of action make them valuable candidates for targeted interventions in ovarian cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer treatments.ConclusionIn summary, the study underscores the significant potential of harnessing T. gondii, including its diverse array of proteins and antigens, particularly in its avirulent form, as a groundbreaking approach in cancer immunotherapy.

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“…In this regard, immunotherapy has played an important role in cancer treatment, standing as the fourth treatment pathway following surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy as the fourth major treatment pathway 3 . In-vitro experiments have shown that certain parasites, including the protozoans Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi, and the helminths Trichinella spiralis and Echinococcus granulosus represent anti-cancer activities [4][5][6][7] . Nanovaccines are a promising strategy due to their increased lowest immunotoxicity, antigen stability, flexibility of the physical characteristics of nanomaterials, and sustained release.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Power of Nanovaccines in Immunotherapy of Melanoma, Lung, Breast, and Colon Cancers: A Comprehensive Review

Angaji,

Salim,

Azizi

et al. 2023

Res. Biotechnol. Environ. Sci.

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Scientists are exploring new approaches to overcome cancer, and nanovaccines have emerged as one of the most promising tools in the fight against cancer. This review aimed to provide a thorough overview of nanovaccines as potential cancer immunotherapy agents by describing their mechanism of action and potential therapeutic implications. The growing incidence of cancer underscores the urgent need for comprehensive strategies focusing on prevention, early detection, and innovative treatment modalities to control and mitigate the impact of this widespread disease effectively. It is important to note that nanovaccines are a cutting-edge platform with a wide range of applications in immunotherapy for colon, breast, lung, melanoma, and ovarian cancers. Nanoscale formulations of tumor-specific antigens and adjuvants can initiate an efficient and targeted immune response. Research on nanovaccines involving melanoma has shown that they can trigger potent anti-tumor immune responses, which permit prolonged survival and tumor regression. Furthermore, nanovaccines have been effective in treating breast cancer since they can modulate the tumor microenvironment and stimulate the presence of cytotoxic T cells within the tumor. The nanovaccines strategy has enhanced the immune system’s recognition of tumor antigens, resulting in tumor cell destruction and effective immune recognition. There have also been studies that have utilized nanovaccines to modify the immune response of tumor cells to immune checkpoint inhibitors, thereby improving the synergistic outcomes of colon cancer treatment. Besides improving the immune response to malignancies, nanovaccines represent a transformative approach to cancer immunotherapy. The presence of compelling results across various cancer types suggests that nanovaccines are a powerful tool in cancer treatment despite further research required to optimize their design and validate their clinical applicability.

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Echinococcus granulosus as a Promising Therapeutic Agent against Triplenegative Breast Cancer

Cited by 15 publications

References 68 publications

The effect of hydatid cyst protoscolex somatic antigens on full‐thickness skin wound healing in mouse

The effect of hydatid cyst protoscolex somatic antigens on full‐thickness skin wound healing in mouse

A potential cure for tumor‐associated immunosuppression by Toxoplasma gondii

The Power of Nanovaccines in Immunotherapy of Melanoma, Lung, Breast, and Colon Cancers: A Comprehensive Review

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