Echinoderms Metabolites: Structure, Functions, and Biomedical Perspectives

Kalinin, Vladimir I.

doi:10.3390/md19030125

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These compounds play an important role in the chemical defense of these organisms. Some of the echinoderms produce potent toxins that can cause significant lethality in animals ( Kalinin, 2021 ). In recent years, the field of toxinology has witnessed a surge of interest in marine toxins as sources of novel bioactive compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties of Echinometra mathaei and Ophiocoma erinaceus venoms from the Persian Gulf

Dehghani,

Rashedinia,

Mohebbi

et al. 2024

Front. Chem.

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Introduction: The Persian Gulf is home to a diverse range of marine life, including various species of fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and echinoderms. This study investigates the potential therapeutic properties of venoms from echinoderms in the Persian Gulf, specifically their ability to inhibit cholinesterases (Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) and act as antioxidants.Methods: Four venoms from two echinoderm species, including the spine, gonad, and coelomic fluids of sea urchins, as well as brittle star venoms, were analyzed using various methods, including LD50 determination, protein analysis, antioxidant assays, GC-MS for secondary metabolite identification, and molecular docking simulations.Results and discussion: The study’s results revealed the LD50 of the samples as follows: 2.231 ± 0.09, 1.03 ± 0.05, 1.12 ± 0.13, and 6.04 ± 0.13 mg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the protein levels were 44.037 ± 0.002, 74.223 ± 0.025, 469.97 ± 0.02, and 104.407 ± 0.025 μg/mL, respectively. SDS-PAGE and total protein studies indicated that at least part of the venom was proteinaceous. Furthermore, the study found that the brittle star samples exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to other samples, including the standard ascorbic acid, at all tested concentrations. GC-MS analysis identified 12, 23, 21, and 25 compounds in the samples, respectively. These compounds had distinct chemical and bioactive structures, including alkaloids, terpenes, and steroids.Conclusion: These venoms displayed strong cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities, likely attributed to their protein content and the presence of alkaloids, terpenes, and steroids. Notably, the alkaloid compound C7 was identified as a promising candidate for further research in Alzheimer’s disease therapy. In conclusion, echinoderms in the Persian Gulf may hold significant potential for discovering novel therapeutic agents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties of Echinometra mathaei and Ophiocoma erinaceus venoms from the Persian Gulf

Dehghani,

Rashedinia,

Mohebbi

et al. 2024

Front. Chem.

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“…The phylum Echinodermata includes more than 7000 species of widely distributed sea cucumbers, sea stars, crinoids, sea urchins, and brittle stars [ 6 ]. Some polysaccharides, such as fucosylated glycosaminoglycans and sulfated fucans, with unique structures, have been isolated from sea cucumbers and have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Elucidation of a Glucan from Trichaster palmiferus by Its Degraded Products and Preparation of Its Sulfated Derivative as an Anticoagulant

Yuan

Tang

et al. 2023

Marine Drugs

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Echinoderms have been attracting increasing attention for their polysaccharides, with unique chemical structure and enormous potential for preparing drugs to treat diseases. In this study, a glucan (TPG) was obtained from the brittle star Trichaster palmiferus. Its structure was elucidated by physicochemical analysis and by analyzing its low-molecular-weight products as degraded by mild acid hydrolysis. The TPG sulfate (TPGS) was prepared, and its anticoagulant activity was investigated for potential development of anticoagulants. Results showed that TPG consisted of a consecutive α1,4–linked D-glucopyranose (D-Glcp) backbone together with a α1,4–linked D-Glcp disaccharide side chain linked through C−1 to C-6 of the main chain. The TPGS was successfully prepared with a degree of sulfation of 1.57. Anticoagulant activity results showed that TPGS significantly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and prothrombin time. Furthermore, TPGS obviously inhibited intrinsic tenase, with an EC50 value of 77.15 ng/mL, which was comparable with that of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) (69.82 ng/mL). TPGS showed no AT-dependent anti-FIIa and anti-FXa activities. These results suggest that the sulfate group and sulfated disaccharide side chains play a crucial role in the anticoagulant activity of TPGS. These findings may provide some information for the development and utilization of brittle star resources.

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“…Echinoderms are a diverse phylum of exclusively marine invertebrates that have more than 7000 species of widely distributed sea cucumbers, sea stars, crinoids, sea urchins, and brittle stars (Kalinin 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) genes in echinoderms

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) proteins is the critical rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Echinoderms are extremely important research objects in various fields, such as regeneration studies and developmental biology. However, to date, the genome-wide characterization and analysis of Elovl genes in echinoderms have not been investigated. In this study, the identification and analysis of Elovl genes in 10 representative echinoderms were performed using bioinformatics methods. A total of 117 Elovl genes have been found in the studied echinoderms. The phylogenetic tree showed that all Elovl genes from echinoderms can be subdivided into 6 classes, Elovl3-like class, Elovl4-like class, Elovl5-like class, Elovl6-like class, Elovl7-like class, and Elovl8-like class. Furthermore, the selection pressure analysis suggested that Elovl genes in echinoderms were mainly constrained by strong purifying selection events. In general, this study provides a molecular basis for echinoderm Elovl genes and may serve as a reference for in-depth phylogenomics.

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Echinoderms Metabolites: Structure, Functions, and Biomedical Perspectives

Abstract: Echinoderms are marine invertebrates belonging to the phylum Echinodermata (from the Ancient Greek words “echinos” (hedgehog) and “derma” (skin)). [...]

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties of Echinometra mathaei and Ophiocoma erinaceus venoms from the Persian Gulf

Antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties of Echinometra mathaei and Ophiocoma erinaceus venoms from the Persian Gulf

Structural Elucidation of a Glucan from Trichaster palmiferus by Its Degraded Products and Preparation of Its Sulfated Derivative as an Anticoagulant

Genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) genes in echinoderms

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