Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Transposition of the Great Arteries in a Neonatal Foal

Sleeper, Meg M.; Palmer, Jonathan E.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2005.00035.x

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The presence of PFO or PDA in this study must be interpreted with caution. Physiologic or functional closure of the ductus arteriosus occurs in the equine neonate between 48 and 72 hours of age, 34 whereas complete anatomic closure could be delayed until 4 days of age 3,15 . Physiologic or functional closure of the foramen ovale occurs immediately postpartum; however, anatomic closure does not occur until 15 days to 9 weeks of age 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, it is important to recognize the clinical findings associated with such defects early in the course of medical evaluation of neonatal foals, as the presence of a defect can alter the prognosis and course of treatment. The available reports in the peer‐reviewed literature include pathology reports 2–5 single case reports, and small case series describing congenital cardiac defects in ≤5 foals 1,6–33 . Authors of case reports have suggested an association between the Arabian breed and the occurrence of cardiac defects, but this suspicion has not been confirmed 1,22–34 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Congenital Cardiac Defects in Neonatal Foals: 18 Cases (1992–2007)

Hall

Magdesian

Kittleson

2010

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Literature available regarding congenital cardiac defects in foals is limited to reports of individual cases or small case series.Objective: To describe the clinical, echocardiographic, and necropsy findings and breed predilection of congenital cardiac defects in neonatal foals.Animals: Eighteen foals o15 days of age with 1 or more congenital cardiac defects. Methods: Medical records of foals diagnosed with congenital cardiac defects at the William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital were reviewed. Data collected included history, signalment, clinical signs, laboratory data, diagnostic and necropsy results, and outcome.Results: Arabian foals represented 39% of cases with congenital cardiac defects and were significantly (P 5 .004) overrepresented (OR 5 4.7 [CI: 1.8-12.4]) compared with the general hospital population. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) (14/18), tetralogy of Fallot (5/18), and tricuspid valve atresia (4/18) were the most common defects identified. A !3/6 heart murmur (14/ 14) accompanied by tachycardia (14/17), tachypnea (17/17), and cyanosis of mucous membranes (7/16) were the most common clinical signs. Concurrent congenital defects were common (9/18). Two foals, both with VSD, survived for ! 8 years after diagnosis and 1 was a successful performance horse.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Arabian horses appear to have a predisposition for cardiac defects. The presence of a loud murmur (! 3/6), cyanotic membranes, and tachycardia or tachypnea in a neonatal foal should warrant thorough evaluation of the heart for congenital defects. Foals with cardiac defects should be closely evaluated for concurrent congenital defects in other body systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Cardiac Defects in Neonatal Foals: 18 Cases (1992–2007)

Hall

Magdesian

Kittleson

2010

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…2000; Seco Diaz et al . 2005; Sleeper and Palmer 2005; Schmitz et al . 2008) with occasional case descriptions of acquired cardiac disease (Reef 1987; Collatos et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standard transthoracic 2D, M-mode and Doppler techniques were adapted from the mature horse and measurements first reported for Thoroughbred and pony foals in 1984 (Lombard et al 1984;Stewart et al 1984). Since that time, published reports involving the echocardiographic evaluation of the foal have primarily focused on cases of congenital cardiac defects (Pipers et al 1985;Reef et al 1987;Sojka 1987;Wilson and Haffner 1987;Ecke et al 1991;Hinchcliff and Adams 1991;Chaffin et al 1992;Schober et al 2000;Seco Diaz et al 2005;Sleeper and Palmer 2005;Schmitz et al 2008) with occasional case descriptions of acquired cardiac disease (Reef 1987;Collatos et al 1990). However, the utility of echocardiography is not restricted to the diagnosis of anatomical abnormalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperator, intraobserver and interoperator variability of echocardiographic measurements in healthy foals

Slack

Durando

Belcher

et al. 2012

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryReason for performing study: The repeatability of various echocardiographic measurements is unknown. Objectives: To determine the intraoperator, intraobserver and interoperator variability of echocardiographic measures in healthy foals. Methods: Echocardiographic examinations were carried out on 6 healthy foals by 3 experienced echocardiographers. Intraoperator variability was determined by having a single echocardiographer obtain and measure images from 6 foals scanned on 3 consecutive days. Interoperator and intraobserver variability were determined by having 3 echocardiographers each obtain images from an additional 6 sedated foals. Within-day interoperator variability was determined by having each echocardiographer measure their own images. Intraobserver variability was determined by having a single echocardiographer measure images obtained by all 3 echocardiographers. The coefficient of variation (CV) and standard error were calculated for each measure. Results: The variability for most measurements was either very low (CV<5%) or low (CV = 5-15%). Measurements of right ventricular internal diameter (RVID) in systole and E-point to septal separation (EPSS) showed moderate (CV 15-25%) to high variability (CV>25%) in all 3 categories. Measurements of the left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and velocity time integral from the right parasternal long axis view of right outflow tract in the fourth intercostal space showed moderate intraoperator variability. Measurements of the LVET, RVID in diastole and left atrial appendage (LAA) showed moderate interoperator variability and measurements of the RVID in diastole and acceleration time from the short axis view of the right outflow tract in the right third intercostal space showed moderate interobserver variability. Conclusion:The intraoperator, intraobserver and interoperator variabilities for most echocardiographic measurements in foals are low. Potential relevance: Most standard transthoracic echocardiographic measurements in foals have a low enough variability to warrant their use in serial clinical evaluations or experimental studies. Repeated measurements of RVID, EPSS, LVET and LAA should be interpreted with caution.

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“…Other congenital malformations of the great vessels, such as complete transposition (Sleeper and Palmer, 2005), persistent right aortic arch (Van der Linde-Sipman et al, 1979) and aortic origin of the right pulmonary artery (Reimer et al, 1993) have been reported occasionally.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multiple congenital cardiovascular defects including type IV persistent truncus arteriosus in a Shetland pony – Short communication

Taulescu

Palmieri

Leach

et al. 2016

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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This case report describes the pathological findings of multiple congenital cardiac defects in a 2-year-old female Shetland pony with clinical signs of chronic respiratory distress. Persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) type IV, interventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonary trunk agenesis, pulmonary arteries arising from the descending aorta, and compensatory right ventricular hypertrophy were observed.

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Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Transposition of the Great Arteries in a Neonatal Foal

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Congenital Cardiac Defects in Neonatal Foals: 18 Cases (1992–2007)

Congenital Cardiac Defects in Neonatal Foals: 18 Cases (1992–2007)

Intraoperator, intraobserver and interoperator variability of echocardiographic measurements in healthy foals

Multiple congenital cardiovascular defects including type IV persistent truncus arteriosus in a Shetland pony – Short communication

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