Intraoperator, intraobserver and interoperator variability of echocardiographic measurements in healthy foals

Slack, JoAnn; Durando, Mary M.; Belcher, Carolyn; Collins, NM; Palmer, Leroy S.; Ousey, Jennifer C.; Birks, E. K.; Marr, Celia M.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00503.x

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Similar assessments for measurement of other structures are also limited but appear to be similar to our findings. Intraobserver CVs for muscle diameter and cross‐sectional area were 8.5% and 8.9%, respectively, and CVs for echocardiographic measurements in foals ranged from 5% to 15% 18 . Our estimate of the size change needed to identify true growth based on the volume change was generally similar to that calculated for the prostate using 2D sonography.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Intraobserver Variability in Fibroid Size Measurements

Moshesh

Peddada

Cooper

et al. 2014

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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Objectives To evaluate intra-observer variability of fibroid sonography measurements, and apply this to assessing fibroid growth. Methods Study participants were young African American women, aged 23–34, who had never been diagnosed with uterine fibroids. All participants underwent transvaginal ultrasound to screen for the presence of previously undiagnosed fibroids (≥0.5 cm diameter). The diameters of up to six fibroids were measured in three perpendicular planes at three separate times during the examination by experienced sonographers. Intra-observer variability as measured by the coefficient of variation (CV) for fibroid diameter and volume was calculated for each fibroid, and factors associated with CV were assessed using regression models. Impact of variability on growth assessment was determined. Results Ninety-six women out of three hundred women screened were found to have at least one fibroid, yielding a total of 174 fibroids for this analysis. The mean CV for the three measurements of fibroid maximum diameter was 5.9. The mean CV for fibroid volume was 12.7. Fibroid size contributed significantly to intra-observer variability, with more variability for smaller fibroids. Fibroid type (submucosal, intramural, subserosal) was not important. Fibroids from the same woman tended to have similar measurement variability when assessed for fibroid volume, but not for fibroid maximum diameter. Calculations showed that when following up fibroids, as much as a 20% increase in diameter could be due to measurement error, not “true growth”. Conclusion A small fibroid must have a larger change in size than a large fibroid to conclude that it is growing, but even for small fibroids an increase in diameter of >20% is likely to indicate “true growth,” not measurement variability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Intraobserver Variability in Fibroid Size Measurements

Moshesh

Peddada

Cooper

et al. 2014

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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“…Previously, low to high variability has been described for RV M-mode and 2D measurements in adult Thoroughbreds and in foals [10,16]. Right ventricular functional measurements showed a low variability using 2DST and low to high variability using TDI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In addition, the RV has an irregular shape with marked apical trabeculation [18]. Acquisition of standard images was performed according to previously described guidelines focusing mainly on LV landmarks [1,16,17]. Acquisition of standard images was performed according to previously described guidelines focusing mainly on LV landmarks [1,16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Echocardiographic measurements of right heart size and function in healthy horses

Decloedt

Clercq

Sofie

et al. 2016

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Das Besondere an dieser Studie stellt die Alterszusammensetzung der Probanden dar. Bisher wurden lediglich Vollblutfohlen (Collins et al 2010, Matur und Gür 2011, Slack et al 2012, spanische Fohlen (Rovira und Munoz 2009) sowie Ponyfohlen (Lombard et al 1984) (Patteson et al 1995, Zucca et al 2008, Collins et al 2010, Matur und Gür 2011 …”

Section: Pferdeunclassified

Influence of age on echocardiographic B- and M-Mode parameters in juvenile German warmblood horses

Gehlen¹,

Lagershausen²

2017

PHK

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Zusammenfassung: In der hier vorliegenden Studie wurden erstmals Fohlen und Jungpferde der deutschen Warmblutrassen echokardiographisch untersucht. Ziel der Arbeit war es einerseits, zu ermitteln, in welchen Normbereichen sich die standardechokardiographischen Variablen befinden und andererseits den Einfluss des Alters und des Wachstums der Pferde auf die Entwicklung dieser echokardiographischen Untersuchungsvariablen zu beleuchten. Als Einflussvariablen wurden das Alter, das Gewicht, die Größe und das Geschlecht, sowie die Herzfrequenz überprüft. Insgesamt wurden in dieser Studie 57 Warmblutpferde im Alter von zwei Wochen bis drei Jahren untersucht, welche in vier Altersgruppen eingeteilt wurden (Fohlen, Jährlinge, Zweijährige, Dreijährige). Die standardechokardiographische Untersuchung wurde im B-und M-Mode durchgeführt. Die Herzfrequenz der Fohlen war signifikant höher als die der anderen drei Gruppen (p = 0,001). Alle gemessenen B-und M-Mode-Variablen erhöhten sich von den Fohlen bis hin zu den dreijährigen Pferden mit signifikanten Unterschieden zwischen den Gruppen. Den größten Einfluss auf die Ausprägung der B-Mode-Variablen zeigte das Gewicht. Für die MMode-Variablen war der Einfluss von Gewicht und Größe am stärksten. Das Geschlecht zeigte auch vereinzelt signifikante Einflüsse, da aber die Geschlechterverteilung innerhalb der Altersgruppen nicht balanciert war, können diese Effekte zufällig sein. Schlussendlich sprechen die Ergebnisse dafür, dass das Wachstum der Pferde insgesamt einen großen Einfluss auf die Ausprägung der Variablen hat und somit auch das Alter. Der teilweise sehr große Einfluss der Herzfrequenz muss bei der Auswertung der Daten berücksichtigt werden. Auf Grund der schwierigen Datenakquirierung an jungen Fohlen und Pferden in dem hier untersuchten Altersbereich, empfiehlt es sich, die Pferde zu sedieren, um eine geringere Datenvariabilität zu erreichen.Schlüsselwörter: Warmblut, Echokardiographie, B-Mode, M-Mode, Pferd Influence of age on echocardiographic B-and M-Mode parameters in juvenile German warmblood horsesIn this study young German warmblood horses including foals to three-year-olds were examined by echocardiography for the first time. The aim of this study was to determine the normal range of standard echocardiographic parameters for the different age groups. On the other hand, the influence of age and growth on the development of these echocardiographic parameters was to be evaluated. Tested variables of influence included age, weight, height, and sex as well as heart frequency. A total number of 57 warmblood horses at the age of three weeks to three years was examined, which was divided into 4 age groups (foals, yearlings, two-year-olds and three-yearolds). Standard B-and M-mode echocardiographic examination were performed. The heart rate of the foals was significantly higher compared to other groups (P = 0.001). All B-and M-mode parameters increased from foals to three-year-olds with significant changes between the four groups. Weight was detected to be the major impact o...

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Intraoperator, intraobserver and interoperator variability of echocardiographic measurements in healthy foals

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Intraobserver Variability in Fibroid Size Measurements

Intraobserver Variability in Fibroid Size Measurements

Echocardiographic measurements of right heart size and function in healthy horses

Influence of age on echocardiographic B- and M-Mode parameters in juvenile German warmblood horses

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