Echocardiographic examination of women collegiate softball champions

Rubal, Bernard J.; Rosentswieg, Joel; Hamerly, Bonnie

doi:10.1249/00005768-198103000-00005

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…A final total of 23 studies met our inclusion criteria, 7, with athletes directly compared with controls in 13 studies. 7,18,[20][21][22][23]27,29,33,35,36,38,39 The identified studies included 19 cross-sectional and 4 longitudinal studies conducted in Europe (n=14), the United States (n=6), Africa (n=2), and Iran (n=1). Across the studies, aortic root dimensions were reported in 5580 unique elite athletes comprised of 1506 endurance-trained athletes, 425 strength-trained athletes, 213 combined endurance-and strength-trained athletes, and a heterogeneous group of 3436 athletes with mixed training.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aortic root was measured at the aortic valve annulus in 15 studies 7,[18][19][20][23][24][25]27,28,30,31,34,36,38,39 and at the sinuses of Valsalva in 12 studies. 7,[21][22][23][24]26,28,29,32,33,35,37 (Tables 1 and 2). In the 13 studies that directly compared athletes with controls, there were variations in the degree of matching; 11 studies matched for age, and 3 studies explicitly stated that they matched for body size.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 13 studies that directly compared athletes with controls, there were variations in the degree of matching; 11 studies matched for age, and 3 studies explicitly stated that they matched for body size. 7,27,35 One study stated that the 2 arms were matched without further specification, 20 and 2 studies did not report whether the study arms were matched. 18,36 Of the 10 studies that did not explicitly state whether they matched for body size, 4 studies provided mean values for body surface area (BSA) and/or height in controls that were either greater than or not significantly different from the values in the athletes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Meta-Analysis of Aortic Root Size in Elite Athletes

2013

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and atrium (Appendix I in the online-only Data Supplement). In addition, we manually reviewed the references of included studies Background-The aorta is exposed to hemodynamic stress during exercise, but whether or not the aorta is larger in athletes is not clear. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to examine whethere athletes demonstrate increased aortic root dimensions compared with nonathlete controls. Methods and Results-We searched MEDLINE and Scopus from inception through August 12, 2012, for Englishlanguage studies reporting the aortic root size in elite athletes. Two investigators independently extracted athlete and study characteristics. A multivariate linear mixed model was used to conduct meta-regression analyses. We identified 71 studies reporting aortic root dimensions in 8564 unique athletes, but only 23 of these studies met our criteria by reporting aortic root dimensions at the aortic valve annulus or sinus of Valsalva in elite athletes (n=5580). Athletes were compared directly with controls (n=727) in 13 studies. On meta-regression, the weighted mean aortic root diameter measured at the sinuses of Valsalva was 3.2 mm (P=0.02) larger in athletes than in the nonathletic controls, whereas aortic root size at the aortic valve annulus was 1.6 mm (P=0.04) greater in athletes than in controls. Conclusions-Elite athletes have a small but significantly larger aortic root diameter at the sinuses of Valsalva and aortic valve annulus, but this difference is minor and clinically insignificant. Clinicians evaluating athletes should know that marked aortic root dilatation likely represents a pathological process and not a physiological adaptation to exercise. .).The online-only Data Supplement is available with this article at http://circ.ahajournals.org/lookup/suppl

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Meta-Analysis of Aortic Root Size in Elite Athletes

2013

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“…Endurance sports impose high aerobic demands and female endurance athletes generally have a substantially greater maximal aerobic capacity (VO 2max ) compared with non‐athletic women of similar age (Rubal et al., ; Saito & Matushita, ). The higher VO2 max is to a large extent brought about by cardiac adaptations resulting in larger maximal stroke volume (Bassett & Howley, ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Female athlete's heart: Systolic and diastolic function related to circulatory dimensions

Hedman

Tamás

Henriksson

et al. 2014

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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There are relatively few studies on female athletes examining cardiac size and function and how these measures relate to maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). When determining sports eligibility, it is important to know what physiological adaptations and characteristics may be expected in female athletes, taking body and cardiac size into account. The purposes of this study were (a) to compare right and left heart dimensions and function in female endurance athletes (ATH) and in non-athletic female controls of similar age (CON); and (b) to explore how these measures related to VO2max. Forty-six ATH and 48 CON underwent a maximal bicycle exercise test and an echocardiographic examination at rest, including standard and color tissue Doppler investigation. All heart dimensions indexed for body size were larger in ATH (all P < 0.01). The diastolic mitral E/A ratio was 27% higher in ATH (P < 0.001) while systolic left and right atrioventricular longitudinal displacement was 7% (P = 0.002) and 15% (P < 0.001) larger in ATH, respectively. Half (50.3%) of the variability in VO2max could be explained by left ventricular end-diastolic volume. Our results could be useful in evaluating female endurance athletes with suspected cardiac disease and contribute to understanding differences between female athletes and non-athletes.

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“…Cross-sectional echocardiographic studies indicate that elite endurance athletes have greater left ventricular dimensions than normal sedentary individuals (2,4,13,23,24,26,32,36,42,43). It remains unclear, however, whether this is due to genetic factors (10), training, or both.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left Ventricular Dimensions Following Training in Young and Middle-Aged Men

Perrault¹,

Lajoie²,

Péronnet³

et al. 1982

Int J Sports Med

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To document the effects of endurance training upon left ventricular dimensions, an echocardiographic examination was performed on 11 young (19 +/- 1 years) and 13 middle-aged (40 +/- 3 years) subjects before and after a 20-week endurance training program. The maximal working capacity was increased by 28% and 27% in young and in middle-aged subjects, respectively. Following training, the left ventricular posterior wall and septal thickness in diastole were unchanged both in young (10.1 +/- 0.2 mm and 9.0 +/- 0.2 mm, pre-; 10.1 +/- 0.2 mm and 9.3 +/- 0.3 mm, post-) and in middle-aged subjects (10.0 +/- 0.3 mm and 10.2 +/- 0.3 mm, pre-; 9.7 +/- 0.2 mm and 10.1 +/- 0.2 mm, post-); the left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter was unchanged in middle-aged subjects (47.8 +/- 0.9 mm, pre-; 48.1 +/- 1.0 mm, post-) but was significantly increased in young subjects (47.8 +/- 1.0 mm, pre-; 49.9 +/- 1.0 mm, post-) (P less than 0.05). These data could suggest that the left ventricular adaptation to training decreases with age. However, the decrease in resting heart rate observed in young subjects (68 +/- 3 to 60 +/- 2 beats X min-1) (P less than 0.05) but not in middle-aged subjects (63 +/- 3 and 65 +/- 3 beats X min-1) could also increase diastolic filling time and explain the small left ventricular end-diastolic enlargement found in the young subjects.

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Echocardiographic examination of women collegiate softball champions

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

A Meta-Analysis of Aortic Root Size in Elite Athletes

A Meta-Analysis of Aortic Root Size in Elite Athletes

Female athlete's heart: Systolic and diastolic function related to circulatory dimensions

Left Ventricular Dimensions Following Training in Young and Middle-Aged Men

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