Echocardiographic quantification of Dirofilaria immitis in experimentally infected cats

Atkins, Clarke E.; Arther, R. G.; Ciszewski, D.K.; Davis, Wendell L.; Ensley, Steve; Guity, P.S.; Chopade, H. M.; Hoss, H.; Settje, Terry

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.09.003

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…This clinical scenario is not unknown to the veterinary profession. For example, veterinarians are comfortable accepting that a multi-modal approach, including antigen and antibody testing combined with diagnostic imaging, is ideal to diagnose feline heartworm infection [26]. However, it is important to note that the increased detection of infection with or exposure to CVBD does not always confirm disease causation and the attending veterinarian is still responsible for interpretation of test results in light of the patient’s clinical signs, laboratory abnormalities and response to treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of serological and molecular panels for diagnosis of vector-borne diseases in dogs

et al. 2014

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BackgroundCanine vector-borne diseases (CVBD) are caused by a diverse array of pathogens with varying biological behaviors that result in a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and laboratory abnormalities. For many reasons, the diagnosis of canine vector-borne infectious diseases can be challenging for clinicians. The aim of the present study was to compare CVBD serological and molecular testing as the two most common methodologies used for screening healthy dogs or diagnosing sick dogs in which a vector-borne disease is suspected.MethodsWe used serological (Anaplasma species, Babesia canis, Bartonella henselae, Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis, and SFG Rickettsia) and molecular assays to assess for exposure to, or infection with, 10 genera of organisms that cause CVBDs (Anaplasma, Babesia, Bartonella, Borrelia, Ehrlichia, Francisella, hemotropic Mycoplasma, Neorickettsia, Rickettsia, and Dirofilaria). Paired serum and EDTA blood samples from 30 clinically healthy dogs (Group I) and from 69 sick dogs suspected of having one or more canine vector-borne diseases (Groups II-IV), were tested in parallel to establish exposure to or infection with the specific CVBDs targeted in this study.ResultsAmong all dogs tested (Groups I-IV), the molecular prevalences for individual CVBD pathogens ranged between 23.3 and 39.1%. Similarly, pathogen-specific seroprevalences ranged from 43.3% to 59.4% among healthy and sick dogs (Groups I-IV). Among these representative sample groupings, a panel combining serological and molecular assays run in parallel resulted in a 4-58% increase in the recognition of exposure to or infection with CVBD.ConclusionsWe conclude that serological and PCR assays should be used in parallel to maximize CVBD diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of serological and molecular panels for diagnosis of vector-borne diseases in dogs

et al. 2014

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“…As an example, the maximal pressure gradient decreases over time as LV function deteriorates (see Figure 8-47, C). This can stem from heartworm infection, 42,133,[421][422][423][424] angiostrongylosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, Eisenmenger's physiology, or idiopathic vascular disease. In giant breeds such as the Newfoundland, the health of the dog can become jeopardized by substantial gradient and disease progression during the first year of life.…”

Section: Pulmonic Stenosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiography

Bonagura¹,

Fuentes²

2015

Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound

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“…Dirofilaria can be visualized with bidimensional (2D) echocardiography and appear as two parallel echogenic lines 2 mm apart, forming an "equal" sign (Figure 15-1) [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Echocardiographic Aspects Of Dirofilariamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the severity of the infestation, the adult Dirofilaria can be identified in the right pulmonary artery (see Figure 15-1), the main pulmonary artery, the right ventricle, or the right atrium ( Figure 15-2) [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Echocardiographic Aspects Of Dirofilariamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…False positives are possible, attributable to the fact that the chordae tendineae of the right ventricular papillary muscles can mimic the "equal" sign. Echocardiography allows the diagnosis of severe infestations (>11 adult worms) in 95% of cases and can distinguish infested and noninfested cats in 88% of cases [3].…”

Section: Echocardiographic Aspects Of Dirofilariamentioning

confidence: 99%

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