Echocardiography and electrocardiography reveal differences in cardiac hemodynamics, electrical characteristics, and thermal sensitivity between northern pike, rainbow trout, and white sturgeon

Abstract

Doppler and B‐mode ultrasonography and electrocardiography (ECG) were used to determine cardiac hemodynamics and electrical characteristics in 12°C‐acclimated and metomidate‐anesthetized northern pike, rainbow trout and white sturgeon (7–9 per species) at 12°C and 20°C, and at a comparable heart rate (fH, ~60 beats/min). Despite similar relative ventricle masses and cardiac output (Q), interspecific differences were observed at 12°C in fH, ventricular filling and ejection, stroke volume, the duration ECG intervals, and cardiac valve cross‐sectional areas. Vis‐a‐fronte filling of the atrium due to ventricular contraction was observed in all species. However, biphasic ventricular filling (i.e., due to central venous pressure and then atrial contraction) was only observed in rainbow trout and white sturgeon. Changes in atrial and ventricular performance varied between the species as temperature increased from 12°C to 20°C. Rainbow trout had the highest thermal sensitivity for fH (Q10 = 3.73), which doubled Q, and the largest increase in transvalvular blood velocity during ventricular filling. Conversely, northern pike had the lowest Q10 for fH (1.58) and did not increase Q. At ~60 beats/min, the rainbow trout heart had the shortest period of electrical activity, which also resulted in the longest recovery period (TP interval) between successive beats. The QT interval at ~60 beats/min was also longer in the white sturgeon versus the other species. These results suggest that interspecific differences in fish cardiac hemodynamics may be related to cardiac morphology, the duration of electrical impulses through the heart, cardiac thermal sensitivity, and valve dimensions.

Anesthetic efficacy of clove oil and 2‐phenoxyethanol as hematological, histopathological and echocardiographic on broodstock Danube sturgeon ( Acipenser gueldenstaedtii )

“…It is reported that the heart and ventilation rates decreased in Atlantic sturgeon (A. oxyrhynchus) at 100 mg/L MS-222 concentration (Matsche, 2011). Similarly results have been reported in rainbow trout and white sturgeon (A. transmontanus) following anesthesia by metomidate (Ma et al, 2019). Present study showed that the heart rate decreased in Danube sturgeon exposed to 80 μl/L clove oil treatment.…”

“…Echocardiographic measurements of fish in anesthesia studies might enable a more accurate assessment of the anesthetic efficacy (Aydın & Orhan, 2021). However, few studies on the cardiographic monitoring of fish under anaesthesia are available in the literature (Aydın & Barbas, 2020; Aydın & Orhan, 2021; Ma et al, 2019).…”

Anaesthetic efficacy of eugenol in doctor fish ( Garra rufa ): Behavioural and cardiovascular responses

“…The HR of G. rufa induced with 50 μl/L eugenol was similar to the normal HR of C. carpio of the same family Cyprinidae (Dziaman et al, 2010). It was also similar to the normal HR of northern pike Esox lucius (61.5 ± 1.4 beats/min) and matrinxã Brycon amazonicus (65.0 ± 3.7 beats/min) (Ma et al., 2019; Monteiro et al., 2017). As in this study, MS‐222 + isoflurane did not cause reduction of HRs in D. rerio (Huang et al., 2010).…”

“…Brycon amazonicus (65.0 ± 3.7 beats/min) (Ma et al, 2019;Monteiro et al, 2017). As in this study, MS-222 + isoflurane did not cause reduction of HRs in D. rerio (Huang et al, 2010).…”

“…In general, the efficacy and usability of anaesthetic agents are evaluated by monitoring induction and recovery times. Several anaesthesia studies have also focused on the evaluation of haematological and biochemical parameters of fish (Barbas et al., 2020; Becker et al., 2017; Boaventura et al., 2020; Ribeiro et al., 2019; Rożyński et al, 2019; Velisek et al., 2011), but few have studied the effect of anaesthetic agents on ECG parameters (Barbas, Maltez, et al, 2017; Hill & Forster, 2004; Huang et al., 2010; Ma et al., 2019). In the present study, the average values of G. rufa ECG parameters in different eugenol concentrations were studied (Figure 5).…”