Echogenic Advantages of Ferrogels Filled with Magnetic Sub-Microparticles

Dinislamova, Olga A.; Bugayova, Antonina V.; Shklyar, T. F.; Сафронов, А. П.; Blyakhman, F. A.

doi:10.3390/bioengineering8100140

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Ferrogels are soft materials in the sense of their deformation ability. Their degree of deformation in an external magnetic field might be noticeable [ 6 ]. The influence of sample height on mechanical force within the applicability of the model can easily be obtained by combining Equations (1) and (6), which shows as a linear increase in mechanical force with diminishing height of the ferrogel cylinder, assuming its volume is constant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of sample height on mechanical force within the applicability of the model can easily be obtained by combining Equations (1) and (6), which shows as a linear increase in mechanical force with diminishing height of the ferrogel cylinder, assuming its volume is constant. Meanwhile, the observed deformation for the ferrogel samples under study did not exceed 6% [ 6 ]. According to the linear dependence between height and force, the increase in the latter should also be the same.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ferrogels (FGs) are novel advanced responsive soft composites [ 1 , 2 ], which are extensively studied for their promising applications in biomedicine and biotechnologies [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. A ferrogel is a composite polymeric material that chemically contains a loosely cross-linked polymeric network evenly distributed in a liquid medium, usually water, and magnetic particles embedded into this network [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Force Acting on Ferrogel in a Non-Uniform Magnetic Field: Measurements and Modeling

et al. 2022

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The development of magnetoactive microsystems for targeted drug delivery, magnetic biodetection, and replacement therapy is an important task of present day biomedical research. In this work, we experimentally studied the mechanical force acting in cylindrical ferrogel samples due to the application of a non-uniform magnetic field. A commercial microsystem is not available for this type of experimental study. Therefore, the original experimental setup for measuring the mechanical force on ferrogel in a non-uniform magnetic field was designed, calibrated, and tested. An external magnetic field was provided by an electromagnet. The maximum intensity at the surface of the electromagnet was 39.8 kA/m and it linearly decreased within 10 mm distance from the magnet. The Ferrogel samples were based on a double networking polymeric structure which included a chemical network of polyacrylamide and a physical network of natural polysaccharide guar. Magnetite particles, 0.25 micron in diameter, were embedded in the hydrogel structure, up to 24% by weight. The forces of attraction between an electromagnet and cylindrical ferrogel samples, 9 mm in height and 13 mm in diameter, increased with field intensity and the concentration of magnetic particles, and varied within 0.1–30 mN. The model provided a fair evaluation of the mechanical forces that emerged in ferrogel samples placed in a non-uniform magnetic field and proved to be useful for predicting the deformation of ferrogels in practical bioengineering applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Force Acting on Ferrogel in a Non-Uniform Magnetic Field: Measurements and Modeling

et al. 2022

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“…Such materials with a size of several millimeters are well-visualized using medical echography and well-positioned by the application of an external magnetic field. The quality of FG echolocation as well as the force of their attraction to the source of the magnetic field critically depends on the MNP concentration [51,52]. Therefore, the features of MNP interaction with a polymer network considered in this study are a useful basis for designing biomedical devices with desired properties.…”

Section: 𝑃𝐴𝐴𝑚mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Spherical Gel-Based Magnetic Composites: Synthesis and Characterization

et al. 2023

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The purpose of the study was the synthesis and the physicochemical characterization of spherical beads of magnetically active composite ferrogels (FGs) with diameters of 2–3 mm for further application to the needs of targeted drug delivery and/or replacement therapy. Spherical FGs based on a physical network of calcium alginate (CaAlg), a chemical network of polyacrylamide (PAAm), and a combined network of calcium alginate and polyacrylamide (PAAm/CaAlg) were analyzed. FGs were filled with γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) obtained by using the electrical explosion of wire method. A comparative study of the swelling behavior and of the structural features of the polymeric network in CaAlg, PAAm/CaAlg, and PAAm spherical beads was performed. It was shown that the densest network was provided by a combination of chemical and physical networking in PAAm/CaAlg FGs. If the physical network were removed from FGs it resulted in a substantial increase in the average diameter and the swelling ratio of spherical beads and a decrease in the MNPs concentration in the swollen FGs by approximately two times. It was shown that irrespective of the gel composition, the embedding of maghemite nanoparticles led to an increase in the swelling ratio of the polymeric network. This indicated the absence of strong intermolecular interactions between the polymer and the filler. The results obtained might be useful for the design of magnetically active spherical FG beads of a given size and controlled physicochemical properties.

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Impact of Magneto-Deformation Effect in Ferrogels on the Echogenicity of Magnetic Composites

Dinislamova

Yaryshev

Bugayova

et al. 2023

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Basically, this study was carried out in the context of the development of ferrogel-based biocompatible soft tissue implants, in particular, for the needs of regenerative medicine and replacement therapy. The magneto-deformation effect (MDE) of ferrogels (FGs) and the possibility of its visualization with the use of medical ultrasound were in the focus of this work. The aim of this investigation was addressed to search a possible relationship between the extent of MDE and the intensity of the reflected echo signal at the gel/water interface and in the gel interior. Cylindrical FGs [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm in diameter and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm in height based on polyacrylamide (PAAm) with interpenetrating physical network of natural polysaccharide (Guar) filled with 200–300[Formula: see text]nm Fe3O4 magnetic microparticles (MPs) with weight fraction of 12% or 23% were investigated. MDE was studied using an ultrasonic medical device Sonoline Adara (Siemens, Germany), and estimated by the relative compression of FGs after application the constant gradient magnetic field (MF) up to 500 Oe by an electromagnet. Viscoelastic and acoustic properties of FGs in the absence of the application of an MF were determined as well. It was found that an increase of the weight fraction of MPs in FGs resulted in the significant increase of the ferrogel’s density, the elastic storage modulus, the loss modulus, the acoustic impedance, the reflection coefficient and some decrease of the ultrasonic velocity in FGs. At a given MPs concentration, the MDE in FGs was increased according to a quadratic law with the gradual increase of MF strength. The growth of MDE in FGs accompanies by an increase in the intensity of the reflected echo signal both from the gel/water interface and from the interior of the FGs. The obtained results are discussed from the viewpoint of the effects of MPs on the interaction of an ultrasonic wave with the structure of FGs in the course of MF application.

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Echogenic Advantages of Ferrogels Filled with Magnetic Sub-Microparticles

Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

Mechanical Force Acting on Ferrogel in a Non-Uniform Magnetic Field: Measurements and Modeling

Mechanical Force Acting on Ferrogel in a Non-Uniform Magnetic Field: Measurements and Modeling

Design of Spherical Gel-Based Magnetic Composites: Synthesis and Characterization

Impact of Magneto-Deformation Effect in Ferrogels on the Echogenicity of Magnetic Composites

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