ECNIS-sponsored workshop on biomarkers of exposure and cancer risk: DNA damage and DNA adduct detection and 6th GUM-32P-postlabelling workshop, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, 29-30 September 2006

Abstract

Of all the chemicals classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 90% exert their biological effects through binding of their metabolically activated intermediates to DNA forming covalent DNA adducts. As a consequence DNA adducts are generally considered to be causative and directly related to tumour formation. DNA adduct analyses reflect tissue-specific rates of adduct formation and removal, which depend on carcinogen uptake, metabolic activation, DNA repair, adduct instability and tissue turnover and are thus useful markers of carcinogen exposure. The measurement of carcinogen-DNA adduct levels is central to the understanding of chemical carcinogenesis both in animals and humans to determine molecular mechanisms and exposure. Sensitive methods for DNA adduct analysis used to date are based on (32)P-post-labelling, immunoassay, mass spectrometry and laser-induced fluorescence. The aim of this workshop held over 2 days (29-30 September 2006) at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) in Heidelberg, Germany, was to discuss methodological improvements of DNA adduct detection with emphasis on the (32)P-post-labelling procedure as well as new findings achieved by applying the methods to studies on understanding human cancer mechanisms and to elucidate the relationship between adduct formation and human cancer risk.

Determination of cytogenetic markers for biological monitoring in coypu (Myocastor coypu)

“…Genome integrity is dependent upon many normally functioning elements, from DNA organization in chromatin to processes oc- reorganizations, and consequent negative health effects (Arlt, Frei, & Schmeiser, 2007). This instability serves as a signal for the termination of replication in the cell.…”

“…They may arise from replication difficulties and erroneous repairs. Fragile sites on chromosomes serve a specific purpose in evolutionary survival of the species and they maintain evolutionary conservatism, despite genomic instability, reorganizations, and consequent negative health effects (Arlt, Frei, & Schmeiser, 2007). This instability serves as a signal for the termination of replication in the cell.…”

“…The image of comets in coypu is presented in Figure 1d. (Arlt, Frei, & Schmeiser, 2007). This instability serves as a signal for the termination of replication in the cell.…”