Eco-friendly gas mixtures for Resistive Plate Chambers based on tetrafluoropropene and Helium

Abbrescia, M.; Benussi, L.; Bianco, S.; Ferrini, M.; Muhammad, S.; Passamonti, L.; Pierluigi, D.; Piccolo, D.; Primavera, F.; Russo, A.; Saviano, G.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/11/08/p08019

Cited by 29 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In order to reduce the GWP of the current ALICE mixture, one of the possible approaches relies on the replacement of C 2 H 2 F 4 with a chemically similar molecule [24][25][26], but with a low enough GWP.…”

Section: Search For Environment-friendly Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of tetrafluoropropene-based gas mixtures for the Resistive Plate Chambers of the ALICE muon spectrometer

Bianchi¹,

Delsanto²,

Dupieux³

et al. 2019

J. Inst.

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The muon identification system of the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC is based on Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) detectors. These RPCs are operated in the so-called maxiavalanche mode with a gas mixture made of tetrafluoroethane (C 2 H 2 F 4 ), sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) and isobutane (i-C 4 H 10 ). All of these components are greenhouse gases: in particular, the first two gases are already phasing out of production, due to recent European Union regulations, and their cost is progressively increasing. Therefore, finding a new eco-friendly gas mixture has become extremely important in order to reduce the impact of the RPC operation on the environment, and for economic reasons. Due to the similar chemical structure, hydrofluoroolefins appear appropriate candidates to replace C 2 H 2 F 4 thanks to their very low GWPs, especially tetrafluoropropene (C 3 H 2 F 4 ) with the trade name HFO1234ze. In order to identify an eco-friendly gas mixture fulfilling the requirements for operation in the ALICE environment in the coming years, a dedicated experimental set-up has been built to carry out R&D studies on promising gas mixtures. Measurements have been performed with a small-size RPC equipped with the front-end electronics, providing signal amplification, developed for ALICE operation at high luminosity after the LHC Long Shutdown 2. HFO1234ze-based mixtures with the addition of CO 2 are discussed in this paper as well as the role of i-C 4 H 10 and SF 6 as quenchers in such mixtures.

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Section: Search For Environment-friendly Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of tetrafluoropropene-based gas mixtures for the Resistive Plate Chambers of the ALICE muon spectrometer

Bianchi¹,

Delsanto²,

Dupieux³

et al. 2019

J. Inst.

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“…Now we tested the use of the Helium in addition to tetrafluoropropane based gas mixtures. Complete set of results and details of the measurements can be found in [9].…”

Section: Helium-tetrafluoropropane Based Gas Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary results of Resistive Plate Chambers operated with eco-friendly gas mixtures for application in the CMS experiment

et al. 2016

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The operations of Resistive Plate Chambers in LHC experiments require Fluorine based (Fbased) gases for optimal performance. Recent European regulations demand the use of environmentally unfriendly F-based gases to be limited or banned. In view of the CMS experiment upgrade, several tests are ongoing to measure the performance of the detector with these new ecological gas mixtures, in terms of efficiency, streamer probability, induced charge and time resolution. Prototype chambers with readout pads and with the standard CMS electronic setup are under test. In this paper preliminary results on performance of RPCs operated with a potential eco-friendly gas candidate 1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene, commercially known as HFO-1234ze, with CO 2 and CF 3 I based gas mixtures are presented and discussed for the possible application in the CMS experiment.

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“…A better alternative is to use an ecological gas. Studies to find an ecological gas mixture have been performed by some groups [3,4]; this study is carried out as part of this program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRPC with eco-friendly gas

Yongwook¹,

Do-won²,

Park³

et al. 2019

J. Inst.

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The Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC) are used as a timing detector in several particle physics and cosmic ray experiments. The gas mixture of MRPC at current experiments is a mixture containing C 2 F 4 H 2 and in some cases SF 6 . C 2 F 4 H 2 and SF 6 have a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 1430 and 23900 respectively, therefore they are classified as greenhouse gases. The studies to reduce the amount of emission of the greenhouse gas in high energy experiments are underway; the present contribution has been performed as part of this effort. The results have been obtained from the beam test of a small MRPC which has 6 gaps of 220 µm and an sensitive area of 20 × 20 cm 2 . It has been operated with the ecological HFO-1234ze gas (C 3 F 4 H 2 ), and with the C 2 F 4 H 2 /SF 6 mixture. We have found that the ecological gas can substitute for the C 2 F 4 H 2 -based gas mixture without significantly compromising the current level of performance. K: LHC, ALICE-TOF, MRPC, ecological gas 1Corresponding author.

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Eco-friendly gas mixtures for Resistive Plate Chambers based on tetrafluoropropene and Helium

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of tetrafluoropropene-based gas mixtures for the Resistive Plate Chambers of the ALICE muon spectrometer

Characterization of tetrafluoropropene-based gas mixtures for the Resistive Plate Chambers of the ALICE muon spectrometer

Preliminary results of Resistive Plate Chambers operated with eco-friendly gas mixtures for application in the CMS experiment

MRPC with eco-friendly gas

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