Eco-Friendly Natural Thickener (Pectin) Extracted from Fruit Peels for Valuable Utilization in Textile Printing as a Thickening Agent

Abstract

Fruit peels are a rich source of many substances, such as pectin. Extraction of natural thickening agent (pectin) from fruit waste such as (orange and pomegranate peels) is an environmentally friendly alternative to commercial thickeners and is cheap for use in the printing of natural and synthetic fabrics, especially polyester and polyacrylic fabrics. Hexamine was used to treat the extracted pectin to make it appropriate for use in an alkali medium for printing cotton fabric. The results showed that the extracted and modified pectin have good rheological properties as well as bacterial resistance. Pectin is suitable for use in an acidic medium. All the printed samples with pectin and its modified synthetic dyes (reactive, acid, and disperse) exhibited good fastness towards washing and wet and dry rubbing. The light fastness of printed textiles was excellent (7), which is more than using alginate as a thickener (5). In both acidic and alkaline perspiration, the perspiration fastness characteristic revealed 3–4 to 4–5 color differences. Colorfastness to rubbing was tested in both dry and wet conditions, and it was revealed that dry rubbing had the same effect as wet rubbing. Printed textiles using pectin or modified pectin as thickeners exhibit antibacterial activity. Physical and mechanical properties of all printed fabrics such as (tensile strength, elongation, and surface roughness) were enhanced.

Polyphenol-Enriched Pectin from Pomegranate Peel: Multi-Objective Optimization of the Eco-Friendly Extraction Process

“…The EW of pectin was 175.25 ± 3.95 g/mol, which is in contrast to the values reported by other authors for orange and pomegranate peel, whose values were 614.7 and 523.2 g/mol, respectively [44]. This difference could be due to the EW, being dependent on the method of pectin extraction (pH, extracting agent, time, among others) and the nature of the raw materials [45].…”

“…The pectin extracted at the optimal condition was dried at 50 • C for 24 h and saved (Figure 4d) for its characterization. The properties measured were ash content, equivalent weight (EW), methoxyl content (%Me), and degree of esterification (DE), according to Tripathi et al [44], Nguyen and Pirak [46], and Yang et al [66] Each determination was performed in triplicate (n = 3).…”

Plasma Technique for Modification of The Natural Thickener to Improvie Textile Printing Performance

“…[1,60,61] Consequently, we emphasis the usage of numerous environmentally friendly materials was emphasis. [62][63][64][65][66] Natural gums serve as thickeners to lessen their influence on the environment. The thickeners' assistance confines the dye to the planned region.…”

Various Printing Techniques of Viscose/polyester Fabric to Enhancing its Performance Properties

“…This was made possible by the development of a dye-sublimation printer in the early 1990s. [9][10][11][12]…”