T HE textile printing branch is becoming a widely-known technology for all fibers, textiles, and garments in the textile wet processing industries. Printing is a kind of coloring in which colors are applied to regions of the cloth rather than the entire fabric. In this study, we highlighted the use of eco-friendly natural dyes as a colorant material to decrease the environmental effect. Natural and synthetic dyes are substances of great interest since they play a significant part in our daily lives. A wide range of technical and industrial uses for dyeing or printing cloth, paper, leather, and other materials. Some of these colors are poisonous, carcinogenic, and can irritate the skin and eyes. Many harmful and allergenic synthetic colors are now prohibited. Many colors, while not yet prohibited, may not be safe.
Fruit peels are a rich source of many substances, such as pectin. Extraction of natural thickening agent (pectin) from fruit waste such as (orange and pomegranate peels) is an environmentally friendly alternative to commercial thickeners and is cheap for use in the printing of natural and synthetic fabrics, especially polyester and polyacrylic fabrics. Hexamine was used to treat the extracted pectin to make it appropriate for use in an alkali medium for printing cotton fabric. The results showed that the extracted and modified pectin have good rheological properties as well as bacterial resistance. Pectin is suitable for use in an acidic medium. All the printed samples with pectin and its modified synthetic dyes (reactive, acid, and disperse) exhibited good fastness towards washing and wet and dry rubbing. The light fastness of printed textiles was excellent (7), which is more than using alginate as a thickener (5). In both acidic and alkaline perspiration, the perspiration fastness characteristic revealed 3–4 to 4–5 color differences. Colorfastness to rubbing was tested in both dry and wet conditions, and it was revealed that dry rubbing had the same effect as wet rubbing. Printed textiles using pectin or modified pectin as thickeners exhibit antibacterial activity. Physical and mechanical properties of all printed fabrics such as (tensile strength, elongation, and surface roughness) were enhanced.
T HE USE of synthetic thickeners in the printing industry has several negative environmental consequences. As a result, in this study, we emphasized the use of various eco-friendly natural gums as thickeners to reduce the environmental impact. Fundamentally, printing is a type of colorings in which the colors are applied to specific areas of the fabric instead of the entire fabric. The resulting multicolored patterns have beautiful and artistic effects, increasing the value of the cloth above that of plain dyed cloth. The coloring matter is pasted with the help of a thickening agent to relegate it to the design area. Correct color, sharpness of mark, levelness, good hand, and efficient use of dye are all required for a successful print.
Thymus gland assessment in infants and children with atopic dermatitis with younger age at onset (p=0.003) and high oSCORAD index (p=0.001).Conclusion: Thymic indices were comparable between AD patients and healthy controls, but the thymic size was positively correlated to disease severity. The positive correlation of oSCORAD to thymic size and lymphocyte count reflects the underlying immune dysregulation in AD. Our findings are limited by the sample size and the cross-sectional study design.
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