“…The two peaks are characteristic and distinct for ZnO NPs formation. These results are consistent with earlier studies 7 , 47 . Figure 2 ( a , b ) UV–Vis spectra of the phyto-synthesized ZnO NPs and ( c ) FT-IR spectra of L. monopetalum extract and the phyto-synthesized ZnO NPs.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 94%
“…Numerous phytochemicals, including alcohols, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, and esters, are found in plants. These phytochemicals have the ability to function as mediators that reduce, cap, and stabilize nanoparticles 7 , 8 .…”
Although, different plant species were utilized for the fabrication of polymorphic, hexagonal, spherical, and nanoflower ZnO NPs with various diameters, few studies succeeded in synthesizing small diameter ZnO nanorods from plant extract at ambient temperature. This work sought to pioneer the ZnO NPs fabrication from the aqueous extract of a Mediterranean salt marsh plant species Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss. and assess the role of temperature in the fabrication process. Various techniques have been used to evaluate the quality and physicochemical characteristics of ZnO NPs. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS) was used as the primary test for formation confirmation. TEM analysis confirmed the formation of two different shapes of ZnO NPs, nano-rods and near hexagonal NPs at varying reaction temperatures. The nano-rods were about 25.3 and 297.9 nm in diameter and in length, respectively while hexagonal NPs were about 29.3 nm. The UV–VIS absorption spectra of the two forms of ZnO NPs produced were 370 and 365 nm for nano-rods and hexagonal NPs, respectively. FT-IR analysis showed Zn–O stretching at 642 cm−1 and XRD confirmed the crystalline structure of the produced ZnO NPs. Thermogravimetric analysis; TGA was also used to confirm the thermal stability of ZnO NPs. The anti-tumor activities of the two prepared ZnO NPs forms were investigated by the MTT assay, which revealed an effective dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on A-431 cell lines. Both forms displayed considerable antioxidant potential, particularly the rod-shaped ZnO NPs, with an IC50 of 148.43 µg mL−1. The rod-shaped ZnO NPs were superior candidates for destroying skin cancer, with IC50 of 93.88 ± 1 µg mL−1 ZnO NPs. Thus, rod-shaped ZnO NPs are promising, highly biocompatible candidate for biological and biomedical applications. Furthermore, both shapes of phyto-synthesized NPs demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. The outcomes highlight the potential of phyto-synthesized ZnO NPs as an eco-friendly alternative for water and wastewater disinfection.
“…The two peaks are characteristic and distinct for ZnO NPs formation. These results are consistent with earlier studies 7 , 47 . Figure 2 ( a , b ) UV–Vis spectra of the phyto-synthesized ZnO NPs and ( c ) FT-IR spectra of L. monopetalum extract and the phyto-synthesized ZnO NPs.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 94%
“…Numerous phytochemicals, including alcohols, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, and esters, are found in plants. These phytochemicals have the ability to function as mediators that reduce, cap, and stabilize nanoparticles 7 , 8 .…”
Although, different plant species were utilized for the fabrication of polymorphic, hexagonal, spherical, and nanoflower ZnO NPs with various diameters, few studies succeeded in synthesizing small diameter ZnO nanorods from plant extract at ambient temperature. This work sought to pioneer the ZnO NPs fabrication from the aqueous extract of a Mediterranean salt marsh plant species Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss. and assess the role of temperature in the fabrication process. Various techniques have been used to evaluate the quality and physicochemical characteristics of ZnO NPs. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS) was used as the primary test for formation confirmation. TEM analysis confirmed the formation of two different shapes of ZnO NPs, nano-rods and near hexagonal NPs at varying reaction temperatures. The nano-rods were about 25.3 and 297.9 nm in diameter and in length, respectively while hexagonal NPs were about 29.3 nm. The UV–VIS absorption spectra of the two forms of ZnO NPs produced were 370 and 365 nm for nano-rods and hexagonal NPs, respectively. FT-IR analysis showed Zn–O stretching at 642 cm−1 and XRD confirmed the crystalline structure of the produced ZnO NPs. Thermogravimetric analysis; TGA was also used to confirm the thermal stability of ZnO NPs. The anti-tumor activities of the two prepared ZnO NPs forms were investigated by the MTT assay, which revealed an effective dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on A-431 cell lines. Both forms displayed considerable antioxidant potential, particularly the rod-shaped ZnO NPs, with an IC50 of 148.43 µg mL−1. The rod-shaped ZnO NPs were superior candidates for destroying skin cancer, with IC50 of 93.88 ± 1 µg mL−1 ZnO NPs. Thus, rod-shaped ZnO NPs are promising, highly biocompatible candidate for biological and biomedical applications. Furthermore, both shapes of phyto-synthesized NPs demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. The outcomes highlight the potential of phyto-synthesized ZnO NPs as an eco-friendly alternative for water and wastewater disinfection.
“…It has been reported that these nanoparticles show an adequate level of anticancer activity in pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1). The synthesized Au nanoparticles lead the cell to apoptosis by decreasing Bcl-2, which has anti-apoptotic properties while increasing the level of Bax protein, which reveals the apoptotic feature in the apoptotic pathway at the protein level [65,66].…”
Section: Effects Of Pragnps On Apoptosis Linked Protein Levelsmentioning
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been reported in several studies. However, no study focused on synthesis, characterization, and investigation of anticancer and antioxidant activities of AgNPs using Bingöl propolis. The morphology and physical properties of PrAgNPs (propolis-AgNPs) were characterized by UV-Vis spectrum of the characteristic silver surface plasmon resonance band, FTIR, XRD, SEM, zeta potential and DLS analysis. XRD and zeta potential analysis revealed a potential of-24.6 mV and formation of cubic crystals, with an average size of 3.45 nm, and a wide band at 420 nm was detected in UV-vis spectroscopy. The in vitro antioxidant capacities of PrAgNPs were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging, metal chelating, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. The cytotoxicity and anticancer activities of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and PrAgNPs were investigated on PC-3 cell lines by WST-1 assay and western blotting. The results demonstrated that PrAgNPs showed higher antioxidant activity than the EEP. The synthesized PrAgNPs were also shown to inhibit PC-3 cell proliferation. In the immunoblotting study, the expression of levels of apoptotic markers pro-caspase-3 and cytochrome c confirmed apoptosis induced by PrAgNPs. The current study reveals that green synthesized PrAgNPs possess antioxidant, anticancer, and apoptotic activities on human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and pave the way for the possible treatment of the various cancers.
The natural essence, biocompatibility, and pleiotropic functioning of plant polyphenols have swiftly emerged as integrated assets for biomedical and environmental applications of plant resources capped ZnO NPs. Simultaneous reducing cum capping abilities, synergistic edible prospects, and precursor‐plant extract stoichiometry‐driven robust size‐shape modulation are the major encouragements being explored for increasing recent interest in biomedical‐environmental applications of plant extracts (PEs) capped ZnO NPs. The structure‐function dynamics of extracts from leaves, roots, fruits, seeds, and whole plants sum up the multifaceted applications of polyphenols‐capped ZnO NPs. Recent interest in plant resources' biomedical and environmental utility capped ZnO NPs mandates discussing the correlative mechanisms for sustainable future insights. PEs capped ZnO NPs as drug carriers and sensing agents significantly moderate the toxic chemotherapeutic drug intake via enhanced tumor cell internalization, aided by synergistic immune‐modulating actions of constituent phytochemicals. On the environmental front, integrated antioxidant features of plant resources and ZnO NPs make them potent degrading agents for the sustainable degradation of persisting effluents. Keeping the above aspects in mind, this review article focuses on the correlative mechanisms underlying the biomedical and environmental remediation applications of plant resources made ZnO NPs. This article would augment the awareness of ZnO NPs multifaceted applications for consolidating the understanding of predictive mechanistic controls.
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