Eco-Geopolymers: Physico-Mechanical Features, Radiation Absorption Properties, and Mathematical Model

Doğan-Sağlamtimur, Neslihan; Bilgil, Ahmet; Ertürk, S.; Bozkurt, V.; Süzgeç, Elif; Akan, Arife Gözde; Nas, Pervin; Çetin, Hüseyin; Szechyńska‐Hebda, Magdalena; Hebda, Marek

doi:10.3390/polym14020262

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Owing to these properties, geopolymers find application not only within the construction industry but also in diverse fields such as refractories and fire-resistant materials, immobilization of heavy metals, and wastewater treatment [3][4][5][6]. Currently, there is a gradually growing interest in the development of geopolymer materials for nuclear waste immobilization and radiation shielding applications [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Geopolymers Based on Mechanically Activated Fly Ash Blended with SrCO3 (Strontianite) and BaCO3 (Witherite)

Kalinkin,

Kalinkina,

Kruglyak

et al. 2023

Minerals

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In this study, geopolymers based on mechanically activated mixtures of fly ash (FA) with SrCO3 (strontianite) and BaCO3 (witherite) were synthesized. NaOH solution was used as an alkaline agent and curing was carried out under ambient conditions. XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and SEM were used to study the geopolymerization process and microstructure. The product of geopolymerization of the milled (FA + SrCO3) and (FA + BaCO3) blends was X-ray amorphous N-A-S-H gel. The beneficial impact of mechanical activation on the compressive strength of geopolymers was most evident during the initial stages of the curing process. The strength of geopolymers based on the (FA + carbonate) blends after 7 d was either less than the corresponding strength of geopolymers based on the 100% FA or, within the measurement accuracy, equal to it. With increasing curing time, the strength development of geopolymers synthesized from (70% FA + 30% carbonate) blends exceeded the strength growth of geopolymers containing less carbonates; after curing for 180 d, these geopolymers showed the highest compressive strength (20–27 MPa). This trend was more pronounced for the geopolymers based on the (FA + SrCO3) blends. The influence of SrCO3 and BaCO3 addition to the FA on the strength of composite geopolymers was explained by dilution and microfiller effects. The geopolymers based on the FA blended with SrCO3 and BaCO3 exhibit potential applications in immobilizing radioactive strontium and producing radiation shielding materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Geopolymers Based on Mechanically Activated Fly Ash Blended with SrCO3 (Strontianite) and BaCO3 (Witherite)

Kalinkin,

Kalinkina,

Kruglyak

et al. 2023

Minerals

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“…It is worth mentioning that global cement production has been still increasing; for instance, in 2000 it amounted to 1600 million tons, whereas in 2019 it reached 4100 million tons [4]. Although cement has many advantages such as great mechanical properties and durability, its production process has a meaningfully negative impact on the environment due to its high energy consumption and substantial emission of CO 2 [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Waste Glass Addition on the Fire Resistance, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Composites

Ziejewska,

Grela,

Mierzwiński

et al. 2023

Materials

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Nowadays, humanity has to face the problem of constantly increasing amounts of waste, which cause not only environmental pollution but also poses a critical danger to human health. Moreover, the growth of landfill sites involves high costs of establishment, development, and maintenance. Glass is one of the materials whose recycling ratio is still insufficient. Therefore, in the presented work, the influence of the particle size and share of waste glass on the consistency, morphology, specific surface area, water absorption, setting time, and mechanical properties of geopolymers was determined. Furthermore, for the first time, the fire resistance and final setting time of such geopolymer composites were presented in a wide range. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the geopolymer containing 20% unsorted waste glass obtained a final setting time that was 44% less than the sample not containing waste glass, 51.5 MPa of compressive strength (135.2% higher than the reference sample), and 13.5 MPa of residual compressive strength after the fire resistance test (164.7% more than the reference sample). Furthermore, it was found that the final setting time and the total pore volume closely depended on the additive’s share and particle size. In addition, the use of waste glass characterized by larger particle sizes led to higher strength and lower mass loss after exposure to high temperatures compared to the composite containing smaller ones. The results presented in this work allow not only for reducing the costs and negative impact on the environment associated with landfilling but also for developing a simple, low-cost method of producing a modern geopolymer composite with beneficial properties for the construction industry.

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“…Ground granulated blast slag (GGBS), fly ash, volcanic ash, palm oil fuel ash, rice husk ash, ferrochrome slag, sugarcane bagasse ash, and glass powder are materials with rich aluminate-silicate content [12]. The most commonly used alkali activators are sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium silicate (K 2 SiO 3 ), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ); these activators can be used alone or in combination [13]. In this study, Na 2 SiO 3 and NaOH were used as alkali activators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of Clayey Soil with Alkali-activated Hybrid Slag/Cement

Yıldırım,

Bol,

Avcı

et al. 2023

Period. Polytech. Civil Eng.

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This study investigates the stabilization performance of clayey soil treated with alkali-activated hybrid slag/cement. Sodium silicate (SS) and sodium hydroxide (SH) are used as alkali activators, whereas ground blast furnace slag (GGBS) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) are used as sources of aluminosilicate. A total of 27 different types of mixtures are used for stabilization. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of untreated clay and stabilized soils are performed at immediately, 3-, 7-, 28-, and 90 days curing times under air-dried and wet-cured conditions. In addition, 90-d volume and mass changes in the samples are measured. Stabilized samples with an SS/SH ratio of 1 under air-dried conditions reveal moistening at early curing ages (≤28 days); afterward, sodium carbonate crystals appear in these samples at longer curing ages. Geopolymer-treated clayey soil exhibits lower volumetric and mass changes compared with OPC. Most of the stabilized clayey soil with alkali-activated hybrid slag/cement exhibits higher strength compared with OPC under air-dried and wet-cured conditions.

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Eco-Geopolymers: Physico-Mechanical Features, Radiation Absorption Properties, and Mathematical Model

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

Composite Geopolymers Based on Mechanically Activated Fly Ash Blended with SrCO3 (Strontianite) and BaCO3 (Witherite)

Composite Geopolymers Based on Mechanically Activated Fly Ash Blended with SrCO3 (Strontianite) and BaCO3 (Witherite)

Influence of Waste Glass Addition on the Fire Resistance, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Composites

Stabilization of Clayey Soil with Alkali-activated Hybrid Slag/Cement

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