Ecoacoustics: A Quantitative Approach to Investigate the Ecological Role of Environmental Sounds

Farina, Almo

doi:10.3390/math7010021

Cited by 56 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 128 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…. Moderate and heavy rainfalls may reduce biophony, mostly due to impairing the animal acoustic signals as a consequence of the increased background noise (Brumm and Slabbekoorn 2005;Farina and Pieretti 2017;Rankin and Axel 2017). In our study, the analysis of recordings with different rainfall intensity levels at the same sampling site shows that peaks between 3 and 8 kHz tend to decrease in activity during rainfall events (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Ecoacoustics is a discipline that considers animal and environmental sounds as a reliable proxy for complexity in all ecological levels from species to communities (Towsey et al 2014;Sueur and Farina 2015;Farina 2019). To date, ecoacoustic approaches have been developed for a variety of applications, including: monitoring of biodiversity and animal populations (Depraetere et al 2012;Kalan et al 2015;Harris et al 2016;Wrege et al 2017), assessment of habitat and landscape condition (Fuller et al 2015;Burivalova et al 2018), and tracking of changes in natural ecosystems (Krause and Deichmann et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depraetere et al 2012;Gasc et al 2013;Duarte et al 2015). Justifications for excluding files with rain from analyses include: (1) sounds produced by rainfall either change behavior of singing animals or mask sounds of all biological diversity (Farina and Pieretti 2017;Rankin and Axel 2017;Moreno-G omez et al 2019), and (2) heavy rainfall results in higher amplitude background noises, concealing a considerable proportion of the frequency spectrum and thus generating biases in the values of several acoustic indices (Depraetere et al 2012;Gasc et al 2013;Duarte et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecoacoustics in the rain: understanding acoustic indices under the most common geophonic source in tropical rainforests

Sánchez‐Giraldo

Bedoya

Morán-Vásquez

et al. 2020

Remote Sens Ecol Conserv

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Rainfall is one of the most predominant geophonic sources in nature, and the major climatic phenomenon influencing species biology in tropical ecosystems. Although its effects on acoustic indices have been studied, rainfall is recognized as a nuisance factor affecting their estimation. Consequently, files with rainfall sounds are typically removed from ecoacoustic analyses. In tropical rainforests, where rainfall is a common and unpredictable event, its influence on acoustic indices needs to be explicitly examined before implementing acoustic passive monitoring. Using mixed‐effects models we assessed the effect of different rainfall conditions on the direction and magnitude of the values of eight commonly used acoustic indices. We obtained 18336 1‐min recordings from 28 sampling sites in a montane forest on the northern Andes of Colombia between May‐July 2018. We identified 2867 1‐min recordings containing light to heavy rainfall. We found that both rainfall occurrence and its variation in intensity were associated with increases in ACI, ADI, H, and M index values, and decreases in AEI, BI, NDSI, and NP values. The estimated indices exhibited differential sensitivity to rainfall, with M, NDSI, and NP showing higher differences associated with increasing frequency and intensity of rainfall. Regardless the direction of change in index values caused by rainfall, we found that the magnitude of variation depended on the index. For instance, ACI and BI indices showed low sensitivity and can be considered as reliable acoustic metrics, even during heavy intensity rainfall. In contrast, M, NDSI, and NP might lead to misleading inferences, if rainfall events are not considered during calculation. We stress the importance of careful interpretation of biological inferences based on these sensitive indices and encourage an explicit assessment of rainfall, particularly in short‐term acoustic surveys in highly pluvious regions where rainfall is a conspicuous component of the soundscape.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecoacoustics in the rain: understanding acoustic indices under the most common geophonic source in tropical rainforests

Sánchez‐Giraldo

Bedoya

Morán-Vásquez

et al. 2020

Remote Sens Ecol Conserv

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“…With sounds aboveground and in aquatic ecosystems becoming captured more frequently to describe soundscapes for biodiversity monitoring purposes ('eco-acoustics' [13,14]), it is interesting to speculate if in the future we could use similar sound profiles from soil to arrive at non-destructive estimates of soil biodiversity, at least initially for soil animals; depending on the importance of interfering factors, perhaps this could work from the body size of microarthropods up. Specific sounds, like those that some insect pests are known to produce (e.g., tree-inhabiting insects; [15]), could even be used to specifically track agricultural pests and direct the use of insecticides to areas that have been detected using the sounds these insects produce: a kind of acoustics-based precision agriculture.…”

Section: Potential Applications In Biodiversity Monitoring and Agricumentioning

confidence: 99%

Sounds of Soil: A New World of Interactions under Our Feet?

Rillig

Bonneval²,

Lehmann

2019

Soil Systems

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Soils are biodiversity-dense and constantly carry chemical flows of information, with our mental image of soil being dark and quiet. But what if soil biota tap sound, or more generally, vibrations as a source of information? Vibrations are produced by soil biota, and there is accumulating evidence that such vibrations, including sound, may also be perceived. We here argue for potential advantages of sound/vibration detection, which likely revolve around detection of potential danger, e.g., predators. Substantial methodological retooling will be necessary to capture this form of information, since sound-related equipment is not standard in soils labs, and in fact this topic is very much at the fringes of the classical soil research at present. Sound, if firmly established as a mode of information exchange in soil, could be useful in an 'acoustics-based' precision agriculture as a means of assessing aspects of soil biodiversity, and the topic of sound pollution could move into focus for soil biota and processes.

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“…Methods based on acoustic indices are particularly suited for ecoacoustic data analysis. Some examples of such indices are the Vocal Activity Index (VAI) [16], the Acoustic Complexity Indices (ACI) [6,19,20], the Bioacoustic Index (BI) [21], the Acoustic Entropy Index (H a ) [4], the Acoustic Diversity Index (ADI) [22], the Acoustics Evenness Index (AEI) [22], and the Normalized Difference Soundscape Index (NDSI) [23,24]. However, there is no consensus about the acoustic index that best describes a landscape configuration [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating ecoacoustic activity in the Amazon rainforest through Information Theory quantifiers

2020

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Automatic monitoring of biodiversity by acoustic sensors has become an indispensable tool to assess environmental stress at an early stage. Due to the difficulty in recognizing the Amazon's high acoustic diversity and the large amounts of raw audio data recorded by the sensors, the labeling and manual inspection of this data is not feasible. Therefore, we propose an ecoacoustic index that allows us to quantify the complexity of an audio segment and correlate this measure with the biodiversity of the soundscape. The approach uses unsupervised methods to avoid the problem of labeling each species individually. The proposed index, named the Ecoacoustic Global Complexity Index (EGCI), makes use of Entropy, Divergence and Statistical Complexity. A distinguishing feature of this index is the mapping of each audio segment, including those of varied lengths, as a single point in a 2Dplane, supporting us in understanding the ecoacoustic dynamics of the rainforest. The main results show a regularity in the ecoacoustic richness of a floodplain, considering different temporal granularities, be it between hours of the day or between consecutive days of the monitoring program. We observed that this regularity does a good job of characterizing the soundscape of the environmental protection area of Mamirauá , in the Amazon, differentiating between species richness and environmental phenomena.

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Ecoacoustics: A Quantitative Approach to Investigate the Ecological Role of Environmental Sounds

Cited by 56 publications

References 128 publications

Ecoacoustics in the rain: understanding acoustic indices under the most common geophonic source in tropical rainforests

Ecoacoustics in the rain: understanding acoustic indices under the most common geophonic source in tropical rainforests

Sounds of Soil: A New World of Interactions under Our Feet?

Estimating ecoacoustic activity in the Amazon rainforest through Information Theory quantifiers

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