Ecochemical assessment of environmental chemicals: Draft guideline of the test procedure to evaluate metabolism and degradationof chemicals by plant cell cultures

Ebing, W.; Haque, A.; Schuphan, Ingolf; Harms, H.; Langebartels, Christian; Scheel, Dierk; Trenck, K. T. von der; Sandermann, Heinrich

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(84)90169-3

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In agreement with several published studies (Scheel et al, 1984;Gareis et al, 1992) our data on the isolation of 4 exclusively from the extracellular compartment again document this special feature of soybean cells. Furthermore, these cells failed t o incorporate any xenobiotic material into insoluble cell wall structures, which are quite often a deposit for xenobiotic residues (Gareis et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Metabolism of the Insecticide Phoxim in Plants and Cell Suspension Cultures of Soybean

Höhl¹,

Barz²

1995

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The metabolism of phoxim (Z-a-[[(diethoxyphosphinothioyl)oxyliminolphenylacetonitrile), Volaton, was investigated using heterotrophic cell suspension cultures of soybean (Glycine max L.) and isolated organs (roots, stems, cotyledons, and leaves) of aseptically grown soybean plants. In both systems phoxim was first hydrolyzed to t h e corresponding oxime, which was then reduced t o a primary nitrile amine. The primary amino group was N-malonylated as the terminal step of t h e catabolic sequence. The structure of this terminal metabolite was elucidated by spectroscopic (W, IR, NMR, and MS) methods and chemical synthesis. In t h e plant no organ-specific differences in phoxim metabolism were obsenred. In the cell culture system phoxim was quantitatively converted to the N-malonate within 18-20 h, whereas in plant organs such extensive conversion could not be observed even within incubation times of about 5 days. The N-malonate was found to be excreted from t h e cultured cells into the medium; this effect could not be shown for the plant tissues.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Metabolism of the Insecticide Phoxim in Plants and Cell Suspension Cultures of Soybean

Höhl¹,

Barz²

1995

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Cell cultures proved to be very useful in ecotoxicological evaluations and provide a suitable model for the study of herbicide metabolism in plants (Ebing et al 1984;Harms 1992. Furthermore, callus tissue cultures represent an alternative to the use of whole plants in evaluating herbicide toxicity, since they allow precise control of herbicide penetration and translocation (Magalhães et al 1989;Mumma and Davidonis 1983;Nellessen and Fletcher 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell cultures of callus from potato roots (Solanum tuberosum L.) have been used as a model to evaluate the phytotoxicity and the metabolization of several herbicides (Ebing et al 1984;Sandermann et al 1984). The absence of a complex structural organization and a more efficient exposition to environmental stress are some of the advantages of this sensitive model for toxicity evaluation (Smeda and Weller 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of MCPA on non-green potato tuber calli

et al. 2008

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Growth of potato tuber calli cells (non-green) is inhibited by 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) as a consequence of perturbation of membrane integrity. MCPA also depresses ATP content with simultaneous increase of ADP and AMP, i.e., the energy charge is severely compromised. Cell redox state is also affected by MCPA, as a function of concentration. Up to 60 lM, MCPA stimulates glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase, whereas superoxide dismutase and catalase activities are not affected. However, 120 lM MCPA inhibits all these activities. Cell death challenged by MCPA is putatively related to disturbance of membrane integrity responsible for mitochondrial uncoupling with decrease of the energy charge and subsequent loss of ions and metabolites.

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“…With tissue cultures, the barrier to the penetration and translocation of herbicides imposed by the cellular wall is abolished, allowing a more controlled study in the plant metabolic pathways (Magalhães et al, 1989;Nellessen and Fletcher, 1993). Thus, cell cultures have been established and used in ecotoxicological evaluations, and also as a means to study herbicide metabolism in plants (Eding et al, 1984;Harms, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effects of the herbicides dicamba, 2,4-D and paraquat on non-green potato tuber calli

Peixoto

Gomes-Laranjo

Vicente

et al. 2008

Journal of Plant Physiology

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SummaryThe effects of the herbicides 1,1 0 -dimethyl-4,4 0 -bipyridylium dichloride (paraquat), 3,6-dichloro-2-metoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on cell growth of non-green potato tuber calli are described. We attempted to relate the effects with toxicity, in particular the enzymes committed to the cellular antioxidant system. Cell cultures were exposed to the herbicides for a period of 4 weeks. Cellular integrity on the basis of fluorescein release was strongly affected by 2,4-D, followed by dicamba, and was not affected by paraquat. However, the three herbicides decreased the energy charge, with paraquat and 2,4-D being very efficient. Paraquat induced catalase (CAT) activity at low concentrations (1 mM), whereas at higher concentrations, inhibition was observed. Dicamba and 2,4-D stimulated CAT as a function of concentration. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was strongly stimulated by paraquat, whereas dicamba and 2,4-D were efficient only at higher concentrations. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity was induced by all the herbicides, suggesting that glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes are putatively involved in the detoxification of these herbicides. Paraquat slightly inhibited glutathione S-transferase (GST), whereas 2,4-D and dicamba promoted significant activation. These results indicate that the detoxifying mechanisms for 2,4-D and dicamba may be different from the mechanisms of paraquat detoxification. However, the main cause of cell death induced by paraquat and 2,4-D is putatively related with the cell energy charge decrease.

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Ecochemical assessment of environmental chemicals: Draft guideline of the test procedure to evaluate metabolism and degradationof chemicals by plant cell cultures

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Metabolism of the Insecticide Phoxim in Plants and Cell Suspension Cultures of Soybean

Metabolism of the Insecticide Phoxim in Plants and Cell Suspension Cultures of Soybean

Toxicity of MCPA on non-green potato tuber calli

Comparative effects of the herbicides dicamba, 2,4-D and paraquat on non-green potato tuber calli

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