EcoForge: Energieeffiziente Prozesskette zur Herstellung von Hochleistungs-Schmiedebauteilen*

Fischer, Martin; Dickert, Hans-Henning; Bleck, Wolfgang; Huskic, Aziz; Kazhai, Mohammad; Hadifi, T.; Bouguecha, Anas; Behrens, Bernd‐Arno; Labanova, Nadja; Felde, Alexander; Liewald, Mathias; Egorov, F. F.; Gabrecht, Martin; Brinksmeier, E.; Reimche, W.; Bruchwald, Oliver; Frackowiak, Wojciech; Maier, Hans Jürgen; Bucquet, Thibaud; Hinrichs, Björn; Fritsching, Udo; Hoja, Timo; Hoffmann, F.; Zoch, H.‐W.

doi:10.3139/105.110220

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Thus, research projects related to the forging process have been ranking energy-saving by eliminating heat treating processes and developing forging thermomechanical treatments -such as the joint program AiF-DFG EcoForge 3 and the international cooperation project BRAGECRIM, entitled "Energy-efficient manufacturing chain for advanced bainitic steels based on thermomechanical processing" 4 . In this sense, processes such as direct quenching associated with the use of new materials -such as new bainitic steels 5,6 -appear as an alternative to reduce energy waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Compressive Deformations on the Final Microstructure of a Low Carbon High Silicon Bainitic Steel Thermomechanically Processed

et al. 2021

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Due to a combination of advantages, high-performance steel components, especially for automotive manufacturing applications, are generally forged parts. In the forging industry, bainitic steels are being increasingly used, because they can reduce the processing chain and energy consumption. In this case, the bainitic microstructure can be obtained immediately after forging, with controlled cooling, and without any subsequent heat treatment. In the present work, the effect of thermomechanical routes performed in the austenitic and bainitic fields on the final microstructure and final hardness of 18MnCrSiMo6-4 bainitic steel has been discussed. Thermomechanical processing routes were tested and evaluated in a Gleeble ® 3800 testing machine with one and two-step deformation. In both cases, the sample had its height reduced by 40% and the strain rate used was 0.1s -1 . It could be shown that the plastic deformation promoted in the bainite field induces the bainite transformation. The results also show a strong dependence of bainite morphology concerning the deformation temperature of the steel. Moreover, the knowledge of the hot and warm stress-strain curves is an important result because it allows estimating the necessary stress and the energy consumption per volume unit to deform the material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Compressive Deformations on the Final Microstructure of a Low Carbon High Silicon Bainitic Steel Thermomechanically Processed

et al. 2021

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“…Within the European project 'Eco-Forge', 40 a new bainite sensor system has been developed, which is based on eddy current analysis, and which allows non-destructive and contact-free in situ measurements during cooling from austenite region. 41 As shown in Caballero et al, 37 there will be upper and lower bainite as well as martensite/austenite constituents.…”

Section: Influence Of Bainite Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the European project ‘Eco-Forge’, 40 a new bainite sensor system has been developed, which is based on eddy current analysis, and which allows non-destructive and contact-free in situ measurements during cooling from austenite region. 41…”

Section: Influence Of Bainite Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Assessment 22: bainitic forging steels

Buchmayr

2016

Materials Science and Technology

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Recent developments of direct heat-treated steels for high strength forgings have led to some new steel grades with excellent service properties. Quenched and tempered steels are nowadays more and more replaced by precipitation hardened ferritic-pearlitic steels and by bainitic steels. Based on the experience on upper, lower and carbide-free bainite, a critical assessment is performed concerning the most important influencing parameters and processing routes. Steel designs and cooling concepts are discussed regarding their optimal chemical composition, achievement of a homogeneous microstructure and a low sensitivity to processing parameters. Some controversial aspects are illustrated and further need for research work is highlighted.

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“…The excellent strength and toughness of TMT parts results from the fine-grained microstructure [3]. In addition, this type of heat treatment enables integration into the forging process chains, which can lead to considerable savings in time and costs [4]. Nevertheless, the transfer of these technologies into broad applications in the forging industry is still pending.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Thermal Influences on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties during Process-Integrated Thermomechanically Controlled Forging of Tempering Steel AISI 4140

et al. 2020

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Thermomechanical treatment (TMT) describes the effect of thermal and mechanical conditions on the microstructure of materials during processing and offers possible integration in the forging process. TMT materials exhibit a fine-grained microstructure, leading to excellent mechanical properties. In this study, a two-step TMT upsetting process with intermediate cooling is used to demonstrate possibilities for a process-integrated treatment and corresponding properties. A water–air-based cooling system was designed to adjust different phase configurations by varying the target temperature and cooling rate. Four different thermal processing routes and four combinations of applied plastic strains are investigated in standardized mechanical tests and metallographic analyses. The applied TMT results in a finely structured bainitic microstructure of the investigated tempering steel AISI 4140 (42CrMo4) with different characteristics depending on the forming conditions. It can be shown that the demands of the standard (DIN EN ISO 683) in a quenched and tempered state can be fulfilled by means of appropriate forming conditions. The yield strength can be enhanced up to 1174 MPa while elongation at break is about 12.6% and absorbed impact energy reaches 58.5 J without additional heat treatment when the material is formed after rapid cooling.

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EcoForge: Energieeffiziente Prozesskette zur Herstellung von Hochleistungs-Schmiedebauteilen*

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of Compressive Deformations on the Final Microstructure of a Low Carbon High Silicon Bainitic Steel Thermomechanically Processed

Effect of Compressive Deformations on the Final Microstructure of a Low Carbon High Silicon Bainitic Steel Thermomechanically Processed

Critical Assessment 22: bainitic forging steels

Mechanical and Thermal Influences on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties during Process-Integrated Thermomechanically Controlled Forging of Tempering Steel AISI 4140

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