Ecofriendly chromatographic estimation of spasmolytic pharmaceutical mixture along with official toxic impurity, 3,5‐dichloroaniline: Complete green profile appraisal

Abstract

Nowadays, Green Analytical Chemistry is widely applied to provide various analytical methods with eco‐friendly procedures employing the least toxic, harmful reagents on humans and the environment without affecting the efficacy of the determination. Accordingly, two eco‐friendly, accurate, and reliable high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography‐densitometry and high‐performance liquid chromatographic methods were established for the determination and separation of two antispasmodic drugs, namely phloroglucinol and trimethylphloroglucinol in their pure, combined dosage form along with phloroglucinol toxic impurity, 3,5‐dichloroaniline. For high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography‐densitometry, efficient separation was developed via utilizing the stationary phase of high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography silica gel 60 F254 plates and developing a system comprising of ethyl acetate‐butanol‐ammonia in the ratio of 8.0:2.0:0.2, by volume and scanning of the developed bands at 210.0 nm. The subsequent method is isocratic high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection in which separation was successively attained using XTerra RP‐C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column as stationary phase and methanol‐10.0 mM phosphate buffer, pH 3.7 ± 0.1 as mobile phase in the ratio of 75.0:25.0, v/v at flow rate 1.0 ml/min and scanning at 220.0 nm. The developed liquid chromatography methods were validated according to the International Council for Harmonization guidelines, and all results acknowledged their efficacy. Additionally, the proposed methods worked well for assessing the cited drugs in binary combined commercially available pharmaceutical formulation. The greenness profile of the present methods was assessed and estimated using various assessment tools, namely; Green Analytical Procedure Index, analytical eco‐scale method, National Environmental Method Index in addition to Analytical GREEnness tool to evaluate the greenness of the provided methods with a statistical comparison between them to assess the more green ones.

Design of Green Polypyrrole-based Solid-contact Ion-selective Sensors for Determination of Antihypertensive Drugs in Combined Dosage Forms and Spiked Human Plasma

“…The proposed method's greenness evaluation.-The conformity of the offered method to the assumptions of green analytical chemistry was documented and indexed across many evaluation tools to figure out a clear image of the presented method's greenness profile. 51,52 These utilized tools were a) national environmental methods index (NEMI), 53,54 b) analytical eco-scale, 55 c) green analytical procedure index (GAPI) 56 as well as d) analytical greenness metric (AGREE). 57 Table V represents the analytical eco-score as well as AGREE tools' high score (91 and 0.75, respectively) with the preponderance of green color in both NEMI and GAPI pictograms.…”

Mini Review on Different Analytical Approaches Applied on some Selected GIT acting Combination

“…For HPTLC, efficient separation was achieved by utilizing HPTLC silica gel 60 F254 plates as a stationary phase with a developing system consisting of ethyl acetate: butanol: ammonia in a ratio ( 8.0:2.0:0.2) v/v/v. Band scanning was developed at 210.0 nm (46).…”

Separation and identification of different therapeutic pharmaceutical drugs on humic acid‐based HPLC column: Method optimization using central composite design

“…The retention mechanisms, separation selectivity, and column efficiency mostly depend on the structure of the stationary phase [19]. Conventional HPLC stationary phases often possess a single interaction mechanism [20][21][22][23][24] while mixed-mode stationary phases (MM-SPs) [25][26][27] possess multiple interaction mechanisms between the stationary phases and analytes. At least two interactions that both contribute to the retention of the analytes should be present in the mixed-mode mechanism [28].…”