Ecofriendly green biosynthesized of metallic nanoparticles: Bio-reduction mechanism, characterization and pharmaceutical applications in biotechnology industry

Abstract

Biomolecules of live plants, plant extracts and microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, seaweeds, actinomycetes, algae and microalgae can be used to reduce metal ions to nanoparticles. Biosynthesized nanoparticle effectively controlled oxidative stress, genotoxicity and apoptosis related changes. Green biosynthesized NPs is alternative methods, which is hydrophilic, biocompatible, non-toxic, and used for coating many metal NPs with interesting morphologies and varied sizes. The reducing agents involved include various water-soluble plant metabolites (e.g. alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and other nutritional compounds) and co-enzymes. The polysaccharides, proteins and lipids present in the algal membranes act as capping agents and thus limit using of non-biodegradable commercial surfactants. Metallic NPs viz. cobalt, copper, silver, gold, platinum, zirconium, palladium, iron, cadmium and metal oxides such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, magnetite, etc. have been the particular focus of biosynthesis. Bio-reduction mechanisms, characterization, commercial, pharmacological and biomedical applications of biosynthesized nanoparticles are reviewed.Madkour LH (2018) Ecofriendly green biosynthesized of metallic nanoparticles: Bio-reduction mechanism, characterization and pharmaceutical applications in biotechnology industry

Assessment of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Mercury-Stressed Trigonella foenum-gracum L. to Silver Nanoparticles and Sphingobacterium ginsenosidiumtans Applications

“…Identical results encompass many plants, such as Brassica nigra [ 22 ], Lupinus termis L., and wheat [ 23 , 24 ]. Similarly, the prospect advantage of Ag nanoparticles was investigated, and they caused hazardous interactions with biological systems resulting in phytotoxicity [ 25 ]. In addition, Ag nanoparticles have exhibited influences on stimulating the aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-derived inhibition of root extending in Arabidopsis seedlings.…”

Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Some Selected Medicinal Plants from Southern Africa and Their Biological Applications

“…This limitation and others have upsurged the synthesis of MNPs using plant sources. Thus, plant-mediated synthesis is becoming most prominent, offering a quicker and more manageable approach than microbial and other green sources [ 2 , 10 , 34 ].…”

“…The urgency to minimize the potential negative impacts of the nanomaterials synthesized via physical and chemical routes has led to the exploration of biological entities. The capability of microorganisms and plants to transform metal ions into MNPs revealed a simple, rapid, cost-effective, and eco-friendly approach for nanoparticle synthesis [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and yeasts, can reduce metallic salts into nanoparticles (NPs) [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Advances in Synthesis and Applications of Microalgal Nanoparticles for Wastewater Treatment

“…is mechanism of action has led to awareness spreading with respect to developing nontoxic and ecofriendly procedures for the assembly and synthesis of nanoparticles. Nanoparticle synthesis through a biosynthetic route (via microorganisms or plant extracts) is a much simpler technique in comparison with physical and chemical methods and has attracted considerable interest all over the world [23][24][25]. Microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, and yeast play vital role in remediation of metal ions.…”

“…Furthermore, this protein is brought into the contact of HAuCl4 aqueous solution, thus producing gold nanoparticles of different shapes. In case of silver nanoparticles, PLW (proteins of low molecular weight) and PHW (proteins of high molecular weight) Figure 4: Production of nanoparticles [24].…”