ECOLOGICAL AND GENETIC EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERS OF QUALITY IN Brassica rapa L. ACCESSIONS FROM VIR COLLECTION

Abstract

A b s t r a c tPeculiarity of chemical composition of Brassica rapa L. crops (high water content and low content of fats) determine their low-calorie character. They are notable for relatively high content of carbohydrates and proteins, including all essential amino acids. Biochemical composition varies greatly among B. rapa members. We are the first to carry out a multifactor evaluation of valuable morphological and biochemical traits of B. rapa accessions from the core collection of Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR, 96 samples) in eco-geographical study (South China and Leningrad region of Russia) under field trials and under a greenhouse conditions. By means of the developed SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers which are in linked disequilibrium with QTL of morphological and biochemical traits, the molecular genetic analysis was firstly carried out in leafy, rooted, and oilseed B. rapa genotypes from the VIR core collection. As a result, new genetic sources for quality parameters have been found among the samples investigated. In average, the samples did not differ noticeably on plant morphology (leaf length, leaf width, petiole size, hairiness, colour) in field tests when growing in South China and in Leningrad region, whereas in a greenhouse at higher plant density the leaf size decreased, e.g. in Chinese cabbage, pak-choi, wutacai, and turnip the leaves were 5-12 cm longer and wider in the field tests. Under field trials, we revealed the significant and high significant correlations between dry matter (DM) and ascorbic acid (AA) level (r = 0.51, p < 0.05), DM and chlorophyll a (Chla) content (r = 0.59, p < 0.05), DM and carotenoids (Cd) (r = 0.55, p < 0.05), DM and carotins (Cn) (r = 0.67, p < 0.05), DM and -carotene (-C) (r = 0.59, p < 0.05), DM and protein (P) level (r = 0.49, p < 0.05); Chla and Chlb (r = 0.93, p < 0.001), Chla and Cd (r = 0.59, p < 0.05), Chla and Cn (r = 0.49, p < 0.05), Chla and -C (r = 0.99, p < 0.001); Chlb and -C (r = 0.92, p < 0.001); Cd and Cn (r = 0.49, p < 0.05), Cd and -C (r = 0.63, p < 0.05); Cn and -C (r = 0.49, p < 0.05). In the greenhouse, the significant and high significant r values were as follows: r = 0.59 (p < 0.05) for DM and AA, r = 0.58 (p < 0.05) for DM and Chlb, r = 0.53 (p < 0.05) for DM and Cd, r = 0.71 (p < 0.001) for DM and Cn; r = 0.59 (p < 0.05) for AA and Chlb, r = 0.83 (p < 0.001) for AA and Cd, r = 0.58 (p < 0.05) for AA and P; r = 0.74 (p < 0.001) for Chla and Chlb, r = 0.67 (p < 0.05) for Chla and Cn, r = 0.95 (p < 0.001) Chla and -C; r = 0.48 (p < 0.05) for Chlb and Cd, r = 0.87 (p < 0.001) for Chlb and Cn, r = 0.64 (p < 0.05) for Chlb and -C; r = 0.63 (p < 0.05) for Cn and -C. The semi-headed Chinese cabbage Syaobaikou and Dunganskaya, pak-choi Mayskaya, and especially Ching Pang Yu Tsain with a distinctly high level of chlorophylls and carotene, are indicated as new promising genetic sources for valuable biochemical parameters under both field and greenhouse conditions. Their indices in the field trials and greenhous...

Genotypic Variation of Glucosinolates and Their Breakdown Products in Leaves of Brassica rapa

“…24,[28][29][30]33,45 In general, those screenings revealed high variations in the aliphatic GLSs 3 and 5, and the indole GLS 12 to be dominant in B. rapa. [28][29][30]33 Artemyeva et al 38 previously found correlations between shoot dry matter and chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and carotenoid content, depending on growing conditions in the studied B. rapa collection. To check whether a correlation exists between fresh weight and GLS concentration, a Pearson correlation analysis was performed.…”

“…Profiling of GLS metabolites was conducted in leaves of 91 B. rapa accessions to complement a recent evaluation of this collection on morphological, biochemical, and genetic factors. 38 The leaves of these accessions showed great variety in size, shape, color, and texture. The average fresh weight (FW) differed from 1.00 g in VIR P-143 to 8.48 g in VIR 132.…”

“…These accessions have been previously used for an association mapping approach 37 and are well described for morphological and biochemical traits. 38 Table 1 provides an overview over the compounds investigated. The current study aims to enlarge the genetic diversity of Brassica species used in food production by generating detailed information about the plant metabolite composition and concentration to enable a more targeted crossing and breeding.…”

Opening the Treasure Chest: The Current Status of Research on Brassica oleracea and B. rapa Vegetables From ex situ Germplasm Collections

“…In order to determine genotype-phenotype correlations in germplasm collections, association mapping using mostly SSR markers have been performed in B. rapa, B. oleracea and R. sativus accessions with respect to agronomic traits and morphological characteristics: bolting time, growth related traits, morphological characters connected with quality and productivity (Artemyeva et al, 2013) as well as biochemical traits: content of dry matter, sugars, protein, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, chlorophylls (Artemyeva et al, 2016(Artemyeva et al, , 2017. For instance, in B. rapa the most important loci are located on the top of chromosome A02, on the bottom of A03, in the higher region of A10 that correspond to BrFLC2, BrFLC5, BrFLC1 positions, supporting the importance of flowering time for the development of many morphological and biochemical traits in Brassica crops.…”

“…Morphological and biochemical traits linked to consumer value of 96 B. rapa accessions from different morphotypes from the VIR core collection were screened in the field and under greenhouse conditions in the North-West Russia and in the field in South China. The study revealed correlations between characteristics, and sources for breeding and genetic markers for traits investigated (Artemyeva et al, 2017). A study of the morphological traits of the plant, leaf lamina and root of 16 local Scandinavian turnip accessions from the VIR collection allowed determination of typical (cvs.…”