Ecological hot metal production using the coke plant and blast furnace route

Schmöle, Peter; Lüngen, Hans Bodo

doi:10.1051/metal:2005140

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Decreasing coke consumption in the BF by means of shifting the equilibrium point of FeO–Fe reduction affecting decrease of thermal reserve zone temperature is being discussed intensively . Thermal reserve zone temperature is determined by the heat balance between the endothermic gasification reaction of coke and the heat supply from the gas flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Pellets – A Potential Raw Material for Iron‐Making

Ahmed

Nurni

Björkman

2013

steel research int.

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Coke constitutes the major portion of iron-making cost and its production causes severe environmental concerns. In addition, lower energy consumption, lower CO 2 emission and waste recycling are driving the Iron and steel making industry to develop "coke free, zero waste or green processes". In the present article, an overview of possible ways to recognize a reasonable improvement in iron and steel making industry is summarized. The present discussion is focusing on the following approaches;1. Replacing expensive coke with relatively less expensive alternate fuels having carbon as well as significant amount of hydrogen such as coal, waste plastic and biomass materials. 2. Producing agglomerates from cheaper raw materials (secondary resources) as well as improving their performance in BF. 3. Making the process towards higher carbon utilization by shifting the wustite equilibrium towards lower CO/CO 2 ratio by using high reactive coke or catalytic activated one. 4. Recycling the unused CO in the top gas by removing CO 2 from the gas stream.Much attention has been paid to carbon composite agglomerates (CCA) as a promising raw material for future iron making. Production, mechanical and chemical suitability, reduction behavior, etc. are being elaborated. In addition, other possible ways to utilize CCA in alternate iron-making process has been explored.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Pellets – A Potential Raw Material for Iron‐Making

Ahmed

Nurni

Björkman

2013

steel research int.

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“…The heat equilibrium point P moves downward to point P′ because of fewer heat consumption caused by higher reduction efficiency. Both the shifts make the slope of Rist operation line lower, which means higher shaft efficiency . The shifts also help to increase gas utilization efficiency and decrease direct reduction degree and fuel rate…”

Section: The Effect Of High Reactivity Coke On Bfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation Model of Using Appropriate High Reactivity Coke in Blast Furnace

Sun

Kou

et al. 2014

steel research int.

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The technology of using high reactivity coke in iron‐making process by blast furnace has been verified to promote the reduction of iron ore in the thermal reserve zone through theoretical analysis combined with experimental research. However, the absence of relative calculation model makes it difficult to determine the coke saving ability quantitatively and supply substantial guidance for industry. In present study, thermal reserve zone and high temperature zone are taken as investigation objects and a calculation model has been established to study the influences of high reactivity coke on reduction of iron oxide, shaft efficiency, and fuel rate. Combined with calculation model, the industrial practice is analyzed by concluding a new important index namely the proportion of high reactivity coke taking Boudouard reaction in the blast furnace (PCTBR for short). The results show that, introduction of high reactivity coke could reduce the temperature of the thermal reserve zone and promote the exothermic indirect reduction of FeO. The high reactivity coke reduces direct reduction, and decreases the heat consumption of high temperature zone by allocating the direct reduction region reasonably as well, which leads to a lower fuel rate. The fuel rate has been reduced by 16.84 kg tHM−1 when the high reactivity coke amount participating Boudouard reaction is 40 kg tHM−1. The PCTBR of WuJing coke and Ca‐rich coke is around 7.8%.

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“…In ironmaking, the energy carriers providing the energy to drive the reduction of iron oxides in the blast furnace are referred to as reducing agents. The substitution of conventional reducing agents (i.e., principally hard coal coke) with alternative fossil or waste‐derived resources such as pulverized coal, heavy oil, natural gas, waste oil, and waste plastics, among others, is hence analogous to fuel switching in other industrial sectors (Bernstein et al ; EC ; Mirabile et al ; Schmöle and Lüngen ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to predict the impact of alternative process inputs or modified process configurations in complex technical systems, the LCA methodology has in some cases been complemented with industrial process models (e.g., for the production of cement) (Boesch et al ; Gäbel et al ). Models for decision support in blast furnace operations or integrated steel plants available in the literature can generally be categorized as either targeting the identification and analysis of optimal operating conditions from an economical perspective (e.g., Fabian ; Rentz and Fröhling ; Schultmann et al ), or focusing on specific environmental issues like CO 2 emissions or energy efficiency (Schmöle and Lüngen ; Sekine et al ; Wang et al ; Ziebik and Stanek ). Furthermore, Helle and colleagues () presented a model for multicriteria optimization of ironmaking taking both economic criteria and emissions of CO 2 into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment Model for the Use of Alternative Resources in Ironmaking

Vadenbo¹,

Boesch²,

Hellweg³

2013

J of Industrial Ecology

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The iron and steel industry represents an important case for industrial ecology due to its ability to accept waste-derived inputs and due to the generation of useful by-products. With the objective of supporting environmentally conscious decisions regarding resource use and waste management, a life cycle assessment (LCA) tool for ironmaking was developed. The tool combines mass flow-based process models with an LCA database to assess the use of alternative resources in ironmaking, considering various process configurations. The article contains a description of the tool and a case study illustrating two areas of application. In the first part of the case study, an inventory analysis focused on the effects of feedstock recycling of waste plastics in ironmaking on heavy metal distribution is presented. It is demonstrated how uncertainties in input heavy metal concentrations and mass transfer can be incorporated into the model to predict the heavy metal loads in the process outputs. In the second part, the substitution of coke with a range of alternative reducing agents are assessed with regard to impact on climate change and fossil resource depletion. It was found that the use of sustainably sourced charcoal and waste-derived reducing agents is beneficial both with respect to the impact on climate change and fossil resource depletion at the respective calculated coke replacement ratio, whereas the results for heavy oil, coke oven gas, and raw tar indicate that trade-offs between impact categories occur. The results also highlight the importance of considering the avoided impacts of alternative treatments for waste-derived resources. Keywords:blast furnace industrial ecology life cycle assessment (LCA) mass flow model sustainable resource use waste management Supporting information is available on the JIE Web site

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Ecological hot metal production using the coke plant and blast furnace route

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Composite Pellets – A Potential Raw Material for Iron‐Making

Composite Pellets – A Potential Raw Material for Iron‐Making

Calculation Model of Using Appropriate High Reactivity Coke in Blast Furnace

Life Cycle Assessment Model for the Use of Alternative Resources in Ironmaking

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