Ecological Network-based Input-output Model for Virtual Water Analysis in China

Wu, X.J.; Sun, Jie; Liu, J.; Ding, Y.K.; Huang, Guohe; Li, Y. P.

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/435/1/012010

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Xie et al [21] evaluated the carbon footprint among eight regions of China from a consumption-based perspective. Wu et al [22] studied the direct and indirect water consumption efficiency and virtual water flow directions among different sectors based on the input-output model. Liao et al [23] compared the water footprint for final energy demand in China's megacities to investigate the spatial impact of water scarcity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electricity-Related Water Network Analysis in China Based on Multi-Regional Input–Output Analysis and Complex Network Analysis

Zhang

He³

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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The transfer of electricity-related water across regions and sectors provides an opportunity to alleviate water stress and make the development of the power system sustainable. Yet, the key node identification and properties of the electricity-related water network have not been studied. In this study, the properties and key nodes of the regional sectoral electricity-related water network in China were analyzed based on a multi-regional input–output model and complex network analysis. An iterative method was proposed to calculate the water consumption index inventory. The results showed electricity transmission can affect the regional water consumption index. Degree, intensity, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality indicators of nodes were used to identify the key nodes. Sector 24 in Shandong was the key node with the largest closeness centrality. Sector 9 in Xinjiang was the key node with the largest betweenness centrality. They were the best choice for establishing points to observe and control flows, respectively. The transfer network did not have the small-world nature with the average clustering coefficient being 0.478 and the average path length being 2.327. It is less likely to cause large-scale clustering change in the network. This study can provide references for the common sustainable development of power systems and water resources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electricity-Related Water Network Analysis in China Based on Multi-Regional Input–Output Analysis and Complex Network Analysis

Zhang

He³

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…In accounting for virtual water flows, there are mainly input–output models and linear optimization models. Some studies have focused on the use of input–output (IO) analysis to reveal virtual water in a country or region [ 23 , 24 ]. In the case of unbalanced regional production and consumption structures, it becomes crucial to assess the virtual water flows between regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and Benefit Analysis of Grain Trade in Belt and Road Countries

Chen

Dong

et al. 2022

Entropy

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Grain trade in Belt and Road (B&R) countries shows a mismatch between the volume and direction of grain flows and actual demand. With economic and industrial development, the water crisis has intensified, which poses a great challenge to the security of world grain supply and demand. There are few studies on the reconstruction of grain trade relations from the perspective of grain economic value. In this paper, a linear optimization model considering opportunity cost is proposed to fill the gap, and it is compared and analyzed with the optimization model considering only transportation cost. The grain supply and demand structures in both optimization results show characteristics of geographical proximity and long-tail distribution. Furthermore, the economic and water resource benefits resulting from the two optimal configurations are compared and analyzed. It is found that the economic benefits generated by grain trade in B&R countries with the consideration of opportunity cost not only cover transportation costs but also generate an economic value of about 130 trillion US dollars. Therefore, considering opportunity cost in grain trade is of great significance for strengthening cooperation and promoting the economic development of countries under the B&R framework. In terms of resource benefits, the grain trade with consideration of opportunity cost saves nearly 28 billion cubic meters of water, or about 5% of the total virtual water flow. However, about 72 billion cubic meters of water is lost for the grain trade with consideration of transportation cost. This study will help to formulate and adjust policies related to the “Belt and Road Initiative” (B&R Initiative), so as to maximize the economic benefits while optimizing the structure of grain trade and alleviating water scarcity pressures.

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“…The input-output table uncovers the relationship between production and consumption in all economies, which provides an approach to track the flow of virtual water in the economic system [13,14]. Many previous studies focused on the use of input-output (IO) analysis to account for virtual water in a country or single region [15,16]. Given the imbalance of regional production and consumption structure in China, it is essential to reveal the virtual water flow between provinces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Drivers of Water Consumption in China From a Complex Network Perspective

Zheng

et al. 2021

Front. Phys.

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Water consumption has been one of the most important topics in the field of environment and economy. Even though the driving factors of water consumption have been well studied, it is still a daunting task to reveal the influence of the status of provinces in the entire supply chain. By combining the multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model and complex network theory, an inter-provincial virtual water transfer (V WT) network was constructed to analyze the overall structural characteristics of the network model and identify the structural roles of each province. The constructed inter-provincial V WT network exhibited the characteristics of a small-world network, that is, virtual water can be easily transferred from one province to another. Moreover, network analysis revealed that provinces with different positions in the V WT network played discrepant structural roles. Panel regression analysis was further used to quantify the impact of provincial structural roles on their water consumption. The results showed that water consumption in China largely depended on some structural role characteristics in the V WT network. Out-degree and out-strength characterizing the ability of direct exporting virtual water exerted significant positive influences, while in-closeness featuring the indirect virtual water importing rate had a significant negative effect on water usage. This indicated that adjusting the uneven provincial consumption structure, the direct production demand of downstream provinces and the indirect production activities in the supply chain would help reduce water consumption. Therefore, to come true the goal of water conservation in China, it would be necessary to improve the trade structure between direct and indirect exporters and importers in the entire supply chain.

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Ecological Network-based Input-output Model for Virtual Water Analysis in China

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Electricity-Related Water Network Analysis in China Based on Multi-Regional Input–Output Analysis and Complex Network Analysis

Electricity-Related Water Network Analysis in China Based on Multi-Regional Input–Output Analysis and Complex Network Analysis

Optimization and Benefit Analysis of Grain Trade in Belt and Road Countries

A Study on Drivers of Water Consumption in China From a Complex Network Perspective

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