Ecological Processes That Affect Populations in Complex Landscapes

Dunning, John B.; Danielson, Brent J.; Pulliam, H. Ronald

doi:10.2307/3544901

Cited by 1,704 publications

(1,271 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Dispersing individuals may be more likely to settle near their natal area or near conspecifics, which may increase their chances of finding or attracting a mate (Austen et al 2001). Species may supplement resources in small urban habitat patches with nearby resource patches in large parks, or species may complement resources (such as bird feeders) in surrounding residential areas with nesting locations inside the park (landscape complementation and supplementation; Dunning et al 1992, Er 2002. Moreover, birds may be unwilling to cross large gaps, so connectivity becomes an issue in highly fragmented urban areas (Desrochers and Hannon 1997).…”

Section: Speculation: Natal Dispersal Landscape Complementation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Bird Diversity and Landscape Complexity: Species-environment Associations Along a Multiscale Habitat Gradient

Melles¹,

Glenn²,

Martin³

2003

381

264

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ABSTRACT. For birds in urban environments, the configuration of local habitat within the landscape may be as critical as the composition of the local habitat itself. We examined the relative importance of environmental attributes (e.g., tree cover, composition, and number of tree species) measured at different spatial scales in relation to urban bird species richness and abundance. We expected that some bird species and nesting guilds would have a closer association with landscape-level features (within 1000 m), such as proximity to large forested areas, than with local-scale habitat measures (within 50 m). To investigate this, avian community data were collected at 285 point-count stations in 1997 and 1998 along four roadside transects located in Vancouver and Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Transects (5-25 km in length) bisected three large parks (>324 ha) and proceeded along residential streets in urban and suburban areas. In total, 48 bird species were observed, including 25 common species. Species richness declined in relation to a gradient of increasing urbanization, as measured by local-and landscape-level habitat features. We further examined the significance and importance of local-vs. landscapelevel habitat attributes using logistic regression and found that both scales explained the presence/absence distributions of residential birds. Local-scale habitat features such as large coniferous trees, berry-producing shrubs, and freshwater streams were of particular importance in estimating the likelihood of finding bird species. Landscape measures, particularly forest cover (within 500 m) and park area (measured at different scales as a function of distance from point-count stations) significantly improved likelihood estimations based solely on local-scale habitat features. Our results suggest that both local-and landscape-scale resources were important in determining the distribution of birds in urban areas. Parks, reserves, and the surrounding residential areas should be integrated into urban planning and development designs to maintain resident avifauna and overall species diversity in urban environments.

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Section: Speculation: Natal Dispersal Landscape Complementation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Bird Diversity and Landscape Complexity: Species-environment Associations Along a Multiscale Habitat Gradient

Melles¹,

Glenn²,

Martin³

2003

381

264

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The evolutionary connection to environmental variability provides a rationale to manage habitats that express the full distribution of natural variability (Resh et al, 1988;Dunning et al, 1992;Poff et al, 1997;Landres et al, 1999). The concept of natural variability includes elements of disturbance that may cause substantial disruption on a local scale.…”

Section: Disturbance and Natural Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dunning et al (1992) recognized four types of spatial relationships that could affect populations in landscapes: landscape complementation, landscape supplementation, source-sink dynamics, and neighborhood effects (see also Schlosser, 1994). Landscape complementation occurs when a species requires two or more habitat types during its life cycle (e.g.…”

Section: Stability and Persistence In Dynamic Landscapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fire on fish populations: landscape perspectives on persistence of native fishes and nonnative fish invasions

Dunham

Young

Gresswell

et al. 2003

Forest Ecology and Management

142

134

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Our limited understanding of the short and long-term effects of fire on fish contributes to considerable uncertainty in assessments of the risks and benefits of fire management alternatives. A primary concern among the many potential effects of fire is the effects of fire and fire management on persistence of native fish populations. Limited evidence suggests vulnerability of fish to fire is contingent upon the quality of affected habitats, the amount and distribution of habitat (habitat fragmentation), and habitat specificity of the species in question. Species with narrow habitat requirements in highly degraded and fragmented systems are likely to be most vulnerable to fire and fire-related disturbance. In addition to effects of fire on native fish, there are growing concerns about the effects of fire on nonnative fish invasions. The role of fire in facilitating invasions by nonnative fishes is unknown, but experience with other species suggests some forms of disturbance associated with fire may facilitate invasion. Management efforts to promote persistence of fishes in fire-prone landscapes can take the form of four basic alternatives: (1) prefire management; (2) post-fire management; (3) managing fire itself (e.g. fire fighting); and (4) monitoring and adaptive management. Among these alternatives, pre-fire management is likely to be most effective. Effective pre-fire management activities will address factors that may render fish populations more vulnerable to the effects of fire (e.g. habitat degradation, fragmentation, and nonnative species). Post-fire management is also potentially important, but suffers from being a reactive approach that may not address threats in time to avert them. Managing fire itself can be important in some contexts, but negative consequences for fish populations are possible (e.g. toxicity of fire fighting chemicals to fish). Monitoring and adaptive management can provide important new information for evaluating alternatives, but proper implementation is often hampered by inadequate study designs and inconsistent financial and institutional support. The challenge for providing better management guidelines will be to add solid empirical data and models to assess the relevance of emerging concepts and theories, and provide a sense of where and when fires pose significant risks and/or benefits to fishes. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

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“…In practice, landscape patterns consist of mosaics of land covers involving different land uses and types of semi-natural vegetation, as well as their spatial arrangement. Consequently, landscape pattern can be characterized by its composition and configuration (Dunning et al, 1992). Landscape composition refers to the variety and abundance of patch types within a landscape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative dependence of Spanish landscape pattern on environmental and geographical variables over time

Ortega¹,

Bunce

Barrio³

et al. 2008

For. syst.

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The analysis of the dependence of landscape patterns on environment was carried out in order to investigate the landscape structure evolution of Spain. The underlying concept was that the dependence between landscape spatial structure and environmental factors could be gradually decreasing over time. Land cover data were recorded from aerial photo interpretation of 206 4 × 4 km 2 samples from three different years : 1956, 1984 and 1998. Geographical variables were taken into consideration together with the purely environmental ones. General Linear Models of repeated measures were then used to segregate environmental from geographical effects on the pattern of the land cover patches of the samples. Aridity, lithology and topography were the environmental factors used to analyse structural indices of landscape.Landscape composition has a higher dependence on environment than configuration. Environmental variables showed higher correlations with landscape composition and configuration than geographical variables. Among them, overall the climatic aridity and topography significantly accounted for more variation than did lithology.There was a high degree of stability in land cover composition over time, with some signif icant exceptions. Nevertheless, the registered increase of fragmentation over time has demonstrated that configuration measures are needed to fully assess landscape change.Key words: climatic effects, structural indices, landscape, composition, configuration, lithology, geography. Resumen Dependencia relativa entre los patrones de los paisajes españoles y variables medioambientales, geográficas y temporalesSe ha analizado la evolución de la estructura del paisaje español mediante un análisis de la dependencia de los patrones del paisaje respecto del medioambiente. La hipótesis principal es que la dependencia entre la estructura del paisaje y los factores ambientales está disminuyendo con el tiempo. Los datos de composición y configuración de paisaje fueron tomados mediante interpretación de fotografías aéreas tomadas en los años 1956, 1984 y 1998 en 206 parcelas de 4 × 4 km 2 . Se han tenido en cuenta variables geográficas junto con las variables puramente ambientales. Se han utilizado modelos lineales generalizados de medidas repetidas para determinar la importancia de los efectos ambientales con respecto a los geográficos en los patrones de paisaje. Las variables ambientales utilizadas para analizar los índices estructurales del paisaje fueron: aridez, litología y topografía.Existe una mayor dependencia ambiental en la composición que en la configuración. Las variables ambientales tuvieron un mayor efecto sobre la estructura del paisaje que las geográficas. Entre aquellas, la aridez climática y la topografía influyeron más que la litología. La composición se mostró en general estable a lo largo del periodo de estudio con algunas excepciones. Sin embargo, se observó una fragmentación significativa que indica la necesidad de analizar los índices de configuración para detectar los cambios de pa...

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Ecological Processes That Affect Populations in Complex Landscapes

Cited by 1,704 publications

References 35 publications

Urban Bird Diversity and Landscape Complexity: Species-environment Associations Along a Multiscale Habitat Gradient

Urban Bird Diversity and Landscape Complexity: Species-environment Associations Along a Multiscale Habitat Gradient

Effects of fire on fish populations: landscape perspectives on persistence of native fishes and nonnative fish invasions

The relative dependence of Spanish landscape pattern on environmental and geographical variables over time

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