Ecological restoration in Brazilian biomes: Identifying advances and gaps

Guerra, Angélica; Reis, Letícia Koutchin; Borges, Felipe Luis Gomes; Ojeda, Paula Thaís Alves; Pineda, Daniel Armando Manrique; Miranda, Camila Oliveira; Maidana, Debora Porfiria Furtado de Lima; Santos, Thiago Mateus Rocha dos; Shibuya, Patrícia Sayuri; Marques, Márcia C. M.; Laurance, Susan G.; Garcia, L. C.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117802

Cited by 120 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…and, although the first steps toward this goal are ongoing (i.e., formally delimiting and registering areas to be permanently assigned as legal reserves in each property in a standardized database-the Rural Environmental Registry System-CAR in Portuguese; Brancalion et al, 2016;Oakleaf et al, 2017), actual TDF restoration initiatives are still limited. Recent reviews indicate a large knowledge gap on TDF restoration in Brazil, given that only 4-5% of the studies on this subject were conducted in this ecosystem (Gardon et al, 2020;Guerra et al, 2020).…”

Section: Trends In Lccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biophysical and Socioeconomic Factors Associated to Deforestation and Forest Recovery in Brazilian Tropical Dry Forests

Espírito-Santo

Rocha

Leite

et al. 2020

Front. For. Glob. Change

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The determination of land cover changes (LCCs) and their association to biophysical and socioeconomic factors is vital to support government policies toward the sustainable use of natural resources. The present study aimed to quantify deforestation, forest recovery and net cover change in tropical dry forests (TDFs) in Brazil from 2007 to 2016, and investigate how they are associated to biophysical and socioeconomic factors. We also assessed the effects of LCC variables in human welfare indicators. For this purpose, we used MODIS imagery to calculate TDF gross loss (deforestation), gross gain (forest recovery) and net cover change (the balance between deforestation and forest recovery) for 294 counties in three Brazilian states (Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Piauí). We obtained seven factors potentially associated to LCC at the county level: total county area, road density, humidity index, slope, elevation, and % change in human population and in cattle density. From 2007 to 2016, TDF cover increased from 76,693 to 80,964 km2 (+5.6%). This positive net change resulted from a remarkable forest recovery of 19,018 km2 (24.8%), offsetting a large deforested area (14,748 km2; 19.2%). Practically all these cover changes were a consequence of transitions from TDF to pastures and vice-versa, highlighting the importance of developing sustainable policies for cattle raising in TDF regions. Each LCC variable was associated to different set of factors, but two biophysical variables were significantly associated both to TDF area gained and lost per county: county area (positively) and slope (negatively), indicating that large and flat counties have very dynamic LCCs. The TDF net area change was only associated (negatively) to the humidity index, reflecting an increase in TDF cover in more arid counties. The net increase in Brazilian TDF area is likely a result from an interplay of biophysical and socioeconomic factors that reduced deforestation and caused pasture abandonment. Although the ecological integrity and permanence of secondary TDFs need further investigation, the recovery of this semi-arid ecosystem must be valued and accounted for in the national forest restoration programs, as it would significantly help achieving the goals established in the Bonn agreement and the Atlantic Rain Forest pact.

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Section: Trends In Lccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biophysical and Socioeconomic Factors Associated to Deforestation and Forest Recovery in Brazilian Tropical Dry Forests

Espírito-Santo

Rocha

Leite

et al. 2020

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…In recent decades, the spread of pastures for cattle, soy production and the introduction of exotic species have increased the rates of fragmentation and native habitat loss in the Pantanal by about 11% (MapBiomas 2017, Tomas et al 2019). Despite this pervasive landscape conversion, the Pantanal still has the fewest protected areas among Brazilian biomes and is neglected in terms of ecological restoration (Guerra et al 2020). Identifying gaps in ornithological research is crucial to guide future studies and thus conservation actions in this internationally important wetland.…”

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confidence: 99%

Knowledge gaps and biases in the Pantanal indicate future directions for ornithological research in large wetlands

Fernández-Arellano

Teixido

Bernardon

et al. 2021

Ibis

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While taxonomic and biogeographical biases are often acknowledged, those for certain biological responses and species traits are routinely overlooked, generating major gaps in knowledge and conservation of biodiversity. Biases in research on birdsan over-sampled, diverse vertebrate classmay be readily detectable, and wetlands are important species-rich ecosystems in which to identify biases and research gaps for birds. The Pantanal, one of the world's largest wetlands, is globally relevant for bird conservation. In this wetland, we determined spatial, temporal, taxonomic and biological response-related biases in ornithological studies to guide future research in this ecosystem and, ultimately, in major global wetlands. Avian research was geographically biased, with 61 studies conducted in the Brazilian Pantanal and only one in Bolivia. Most studies were concentrated near urban centres, with poorly explored areas in the central Pantanal. Research was also over-represented during the dry season when field conditions are more favourable, but such temporal bias may hamper migration studies. Considering their richness, some families were studied disproportionately more (e.g. Jacanidae) or less (e.g. Tyrannidae). Some species (e.g. Wood Stork Mycteria americana and Yellow-billed Cardinal Paroaria capitata) were included in > 25% of studies, whereas a relatively low number of threatened bird species were studied. Behaviour was the most studied response, followed by abundance and reproduction, which were considered for > 65% of species studied. We conclude that further research needs to be focused on unexplored areas and periods, less detectable species, and ecological processes (e.g. interspecific interactions). Additionally, our results can provide useful information to better address future work and bird conservation actions in other large wetlands. For example, major gaps detected here constitute a primary roadmap to guide research in under-sampled regions, such as the Canadian peatlands and Tonlé Sap Lake. Specifically, more studies on waterbirds in highly diverse wetlands from low-income countries (e.g. Okavango and Sundarban Delta) may help to disentangle the essential functional role provided for these species and to prioritize conservation actions in regions with limited research capacity.

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“…The lack of planning in the occupation of lands destined for agricultural activities, associated with inadequate management practices, causes accelerated soil degradation, resulting in unproductive areas that end up being used as pasture (Elgar et al, 2014;Guidetti et al, 2016). For this reason, in Brazil, many actions to restore degraded ecosystems have been carried out in abandoned open areas or previous grazing pastures (Guerra et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest restoration by different nucleation techniques in Urochloa grassland

Fragoso

Carpanezzi

Zuffellato-Ribas

et al. 2021

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of brushwood, black plastic mulch, herbicide, and artificial perch on the natural regeneration of native species in Urochloa grassland. The experiment was conducted between February 2014 and February 2016 in the Dense Ombrophilous Forest, in the municipality of Morretes, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The treatments were: herbicide, herbicide + perch, black plastic mulch, black plastic mulch + perch, brushwood + herbicide, brushwood + herbicide + perch, and a control treatment. The evaluations were carried out at 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 months after the installation of the experiment, by counting and identifying regenerating woody species and estimating visually the percentage of herbaceous coverage. Initially, brushwood and black plastic mulch reduced the Urochloa grasses; however, this effect was lost over time due to the rapid growth of the grasses from the edges to the center of the plots. The use of perches in the treatments does not allow a significant increase of other species because of the continued inhibiting conditions for the establishment of seedlings. The herbicide is effective in removing the grasses; however, the recruitment of woody species is only satisfactory when perches are used to attract the dispersing fauna. For a successful ecological restoration of pastures, there is a need for the local elimination of Urochloa grasses.

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Ecological restoration in Brazilian biomes: Identifying advances and gaps

Cited by 120 publications

References 44 publications

Biophysical and Socioeconomic Factors Associated to Deforestation and Forest Recovery in Brazilian Tropical Dry Forests

Biophysical and Socioeconomic Factors Associated to Deforestation and Forest Recovery in Brazilian Tropical Dry Forests

Knowledge gaps and biases in the Pantanal indicate future directions for ornithological research in large wetlands

Forest restoration by different nucleation techniques in Urochloa grassland

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