Ecological risk and protective factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms among low-income, Chinese immigrant youth.

Abstract

This study explored the effects of family, peer, and school risk and supportive factors on internalizing problems (i.e., depressive and anxiety symptoms). Risk factors included peer (i.e., relational and overt victimization) and family risk factors (i.e., mother/father alienation and family conflict). Protective factors included peer (i.e., peer trust and communication), family (i.e., parent trust and communication), and school supportive factors (i.e., bonding with a teacher and school interest). Based on a sample of low-income, Chinese immigrant, high school students (N = 286), structural equation modeling was used to investigate main effects of family, peer, and school risk and supportive factors on internalizing problems as well as the moderating effects of supportive factors on the link between risk factors and internalizing problems. Peer and family risk factors as well as family and school supportive factors significantly predicted anxiety and depressive symptoms in the expected directions. However, peer supportive factors did not predict internalizing problems. The moderation analyses revealed that only school supportive factors moderate the effects of family risk factors on internalizing problems. Implications for research and counseling with Asian immigrants are discussed.

Annual review of Asian American Psychology, 2014.

“…Depression or depressive symptoms were occasionally studied alongside anxiety and somatization (Masuda, Mandavia, & Tully, 2014; Tuason, Ancheta, & Battie, 2014; Yeh, Liao, et al, 2014). Articles either explored racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of depression/anxiety/somatization and identified predictors of this difference (e.g., European Americans versus Asian Americans, n = 2; Chao et al, 2014; Lund et al, 2014) or focused on exploring the risk and protective factors of depression/anxiety/somatization for a single sample (e.g., pan-Asian Americans from diverse ethnic backgrounds or a single Asian ethnic group, such as Chinese Americans, n = 5; S.…”

“…Articles either explored racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of depression/anxiety/somatization and identified predictors of this difference (e.g., European Americans versus Asian Americans, n = 2; Chao et al, 2014; Lund et al, 2014) or focused on exploring the risk and protective factors of depression/anxiety/somatization for a single sample (e.g., pan-Asian Americans from diverse ethnic backgrounds or a single Asian ethnic group, such as Chinese Americans, n = 5; S. Cho, Park, Bernstein, Roh, & Jeon, 2014; Masuda, Mandavia, et al, 2014; Remigio-Baker, Hayes, & Reyes-Salvail, 2014; Tuason et al, 2014; Yeh, Liao, et al, 2014). Depression/anxiety/somatization was studied across different developmental periods of the life course: adolescence to emerging adulthood (Lund et al, 2014; Yeh, Liao, et al, 2014), emerging adulthood to middle adulthood (Masuda, Mandavia, et al, 2014; Tuason et al, 2014), older adulthood (Chao et al, 2014), or all of the above in the same study (S.…”

“…Cho, Park, Bernstein, Roh, & Jeon, 2014; Masuda, Mandavia, et al, 2014; Remigio-Baker, Hayes, & Reyes-Salvail, 2014; Tuason et al, 2014; Yeh, Liao, et al, 2014). Depression/anxiety/somatization was studied across different developmental periods of the life course: adolescence to emerging adulthood (Lund et al, 2014; Yeh, Liao, et al, 2014), emerging adulthood to middle adulthood (Masuda, Mandavia, et al, 2014; Tuason et al, 2014), older adulthood (Chao et al, 2014), or all of the above in the same study (S. Cho et al, 2014; Remigio-Baker et al, 2014).…”

Annual review of Asian American Psychology, 2013.

“…As in the annual review for 2013, depression was again the most frequently studied topic (n = 7; e.g., Lund, Chan, & Liang, 2014), followed by suicidality (n = 4; e.g., Hahm, Gonyea, Chiao, & Koritsanszky, 2014) Depression or depressive symptoms were occasionally studied alongside anxiety and somatization (Masuda, Mandavia, & Tully, 2014;Tuason, Ancheta, & Battie, 2014;Yeh, Liao, et al, 2014). Articles either explored racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of depression/anxiety/somatization and identified predictors of this difference (e.g., European Americans versus Asian Americans, n = 2; Chao et al, 2014;Lund et al, 2014) or focused on exploring the risk and protective factors of depression/anxiety/somatization for a single sample (e.g., pan-Asian Americans from diverse ethnic backgrounds or a single Asian ethnic group, such as Chinese Americans, n = 5; S. Cho, Park, Bernstein, Roh, & Jeon, 2014;Masuda, Mandavia, et al, 2014;Remigio-Baker, Hayes, & Reyes-Salvail, 2014;Tuason et al, 2014;Yeh, Liao, et al, 2014). Depression/anxiety/somatization was studied across different developmental periods of the life course: adolescence to emerging adulthood (Lund et al, 2014;Yeh, Liao, et al, 2014), emerging adulthood to middle adulthood (Masuda, Mandavia, et al, 2014;Tuason et al, 2014), older adulthood (Chao et al, 2014, or all of the above in the same study (S. Cho et al, 2014;Remigio-Baker et al, 2014).…”

“…Articles either explored racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of depression/anxiety/somatization and identified predictors of this difference (e.g., European Americans versus Asian Americans, n = 2; Chao et al, 2014;Lund et al, 2014) or focused on exploring the risk and protective factors of depression/anxiety/somatization for a single sample (e.g., pan-Asian Americans from diverse ethnic backgrounds or a single Asian ethnic group, such as Chinese Americans, n = 5; S. Cho, Park, Bernstein, Roh, & Jeon, 2014;Masuda, Mandavia, et al, 2014;Remigio-Baker, Hayes, & Reyes-Salvail, 2014;Tuason et al, 2014;Yeh, Liao, et al, 2014). Depression/anxiety/somatization was studied across different developmental periods of the life course: adolescence to emerging adulthood (Lund et al, 2014;Yeh, Liao, et al, 2014), emerging adulthood to middle adulthood (Masuda, Mandavia, et al, 2014;Tuason et al, 2014), older adulthood (Chao et al, 2014, or all of the above in the same study (S. Cho et al, 2014;Remigio-Baker et al, 2014). All studies utilized quantitative: cross-sectional designs and adopted analytical methods such as analysis of variance, multiple regression or logistic regression, and structural equation modeling.…”