Ecological Significance of Brassinosteroids in Three Temperate Ferns

Gómez-Garay, Aránzazu; Galán, José María Gabriel y; Cabezuelo, Alberto; Pintos, Beatríz; Prada, Cármen; Martı́n, Luisa

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75103-0_21

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Regarding the active brassinosteroids analyzed, both BL and CS were detected. Many processes have been linked with brassinosteroids function such as cell elongation, cell division, reproductive and vascular development, stress responses, or senescence, but information about their role on ferns is scarce (Gómez-Garay et al, 2018 ). Interestingly, the amount of CS was high, pointing at some possible role of brassinosteroids on sexual development of gametophytes in D. oreades .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, little attention has been paid so far to other phytohormones such as SA or brassinosteroids in basal branching vascular plants (i.e., lycophytes and ferns) (Sun et al, 2010 ; Choudhary et al, 2012 ). The former was traditionally associated with pathogen defense, together with jasmonic acid (de Vries et al, 2018 ), and the latter, in junction with auxins and gibberellins, is part of a key subset of plant hormones considered major determinants of plant growth and development (Ross and Reid, 2010 ; Gómez-Garay et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual and Apogamous Species of Woodferns Show Different Protein and Phytohormone Profiles

et al. 2021

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The gametophyte of ferns reproduces either by sexual or asexual means. In the latter, apogamy represents a peculiar case of apomixis, in which an embryo is formed from somatic cells. A proteomic and physiological approach was applied to the apogamous fern Dryopteris affinis ssp. affinis and its sexual relative D. oreades. The proteomic analysis compared apogamous vs. female gametophytes, whereas the phytohormone study included, in addition to females, three apogamous stages (filamentous, spatulate, and cordate). The proteomic profiles revealed a total of 879 proteins and, after annotation, different regulation was found in 206 proteins of D. affinis and 166 of its sexual counterpart. The proteins upregulated in D. affinis are mostly associated to protein metabolism (including folding, transport, and proteolysis), ribosome biogenesis, gene expression and translation, while in the sexual counterpart, they account largely for starch and sucrose metabolism, generation of energy and photosynthesis. Likewise, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to assess the levels of indol-3-acetic acid (IAA); the cytokinins: 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), trans-Zeatine (Z), trans-Zeatin riboside (ZR), dyhidrozeatine (DHZ), dyhidrozeatin riboside (DHZR), isopentenyl adenine (iP), isopentenyl adenosine (iPR), abscisic acid (ABA), the gibberellins GA3 and GA4, salicylic acid (SA), and the brassinosteroids: brassinolide (BL) and castasterone (CS). IAA, the cytokinins Z, ZR, iPR, the gibberellin GA4, the brassinosteoids castasterone, and ABA accumulated more in the sexual gametophyte than in the apogamous one. When comparing the three apogamous stages, BA and SA peaked in filamentous, GA3 and BL in spatulate and DHRZ in cordate gametophytes. The results point to the existence of large metabolic differences between apogamous and sexual gametophytes, and invite to consider the fern gametophyte as a good experimental system to deepen our understanding of plant reproduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual and Apogamous Species of Woodferns Show Different Protein and Phytohormone Profiles

et al. 2021

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“…Detailed knowledge of the Arabidopsis BR signaling pathway likely does not represent all other plant lineages. While bioactive BRs and intermediates of biosynthetic pathways are widespread in the plant kingdom [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], and many components of the signaling cascades are conserved throughout the plant kingdom, the critical component of this pathway, the BRI1 receptor, is absent in non-seed plants [ 13 ]. Given the presence of physiological responses to BRs in non-seed plants [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], this suggests that BR signaling in non-seed plants differs from that in angiosperms, or that additional BR receptors are involved in their signaling pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our sequence alignments reveal that the BR receptor-like proteins in ferns are more closely related to seed-plant BRL2, which cannot bind BRs. Yet, active BRs and physiological responses to BRs have been detected in ferns [ 26 , 27 , 33 ], so how BRs function in ferns remains unknown. We found that although the presumed BR receptors in Ceratopteris richardii (C-fern) cannot directly complement the dwarf phenotype of Arabidopsis bri1 mutants, their heterologous expression in Arabidopsis can activate BR responsive genes, indicating that they may have weak BR functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Analysis and Functional Identification of Ancient Brassinosteroid Receptors in Ceratopteris richardii

Zheng

Xing

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Phytohormones play an important role in the adaptive evolution of terrestrial plants. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential hormones that regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development in angiosperms, but the presence of BR signaling in non-seed plants such as ferns remains unknown. Here, we found that BR promotes the growth of Ceratopteris richardii, while the synthetic inhibitor PCZ inhibits the growth. Using full-length transcriptome sequencing, we identified four BRI1-like receptors. By constructing chimeric receptors, we found that the kinase domains of these four receptors could trigger BR downstream signaling. Further, the extracellular domains of two receptors were functionally interchangeable with that of BRI1. In addition, we identified a co-receptor, CtSERK1, that could phosphorylate with CtBRL2s in vitro. Together, these proved the presence of a receptor complex in Ceratopteris richardii that might perceive BR and activate downstream hormone signaling. Our results shed light on the biological and molecular mechanisms of BR signaling in ferns and the role of BR hormone signaling in the adaptive evolution of terrestrial plants.

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“…So far, the research on BRs has mainly been carried out in angiosperms [ 8 ], but in ferns, research has been limited to the physiological level and is not in-depth. For example, BL with concentrations of 10 −7 M and 10 −6 M can inhibit spore germination of Pteridium aquilinum and gametophyte growth of A. flabellulatum , respectively [ 9 , 10 ], but the related genes are still unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excavation of Genes Responsive to Brassinosteroids by Transcriptome Sequencing in Adiantum flabellulatum Gametophytes

Cai

Xie

Wang

et al. 2022

Genes

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Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of polyhydroxysteroid plant hormones; they play important roles in the development and stress resistance of plants. The research on BRs has mainly been carried out in angiosperms, but in ferns—research is still limited to the physiological level and is not in-depth. In this study, Adiantum flabellulatum gametophytes were used as materials and treated with 10−6 M brassinolide (BL). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) responsive to BRs were identified by transcriptome sequencing, GO, KEGG analysis, as well as a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. From this, a total of 8394 DEGs were screened. We found that the expressions of photosynthetic genes were widely inhibited by high concentrations of BL in A. flabellulatum gametophytes. Moreover, we detected many BR synthase genes, except BR6ox2, which may be why castasterone (CS) rather than BL was detected in ferns. Additionally, we identified (for the first time) that the expressions of BR synthase genes (CYP90B1, CYP90C1, CYP90D1, CPD, and BR6ox1) were negatively regulated by BL in fern gametophytes, which indicated that ferns, including gametophytes, also needed the regulatory mechanism for maintaining BR homeostasis. Based on transcriptome sequencing, this study can provide a large number of gene expression data for BRs regulating the development of fern gametophytes.

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Ecological Significance of Brassinosteroids in Three Temperate Ferns

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Sexual and Apogamous Species of Woodferns Show Different Protein and Phytohormone Profiles

Sexual and Apogamous Species of Woodferns Show Different Protein and Phytohormone Profiles

Evolutionary Analysis and Functional Identification of Ancient Brassinosteroid Receptors in Ceratopteris richardii

Excavation of Genes Responsive to Brassinosteroids by Transcriptome Sequencing in Adiantum flabellulatum Gametophytes

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