Ecological Studies on Reovirus Pollution of Rivers in Toyama Prefecture

Abstract

Reoviruses (reos)

Detection and Identification of Mammalian Reoviruses in Surface Water by Combined Cell Culture and Reverse Transcription-PCR

“…In one study, reoviruses remained present at a mean concentration of 1,550 infectious units liter Ϫ1 , compared to 100 infectious units liter Ϫ1 for enteroviruses, in chlorinated secondary wastewater treatment plant effluents (8). In another study, the authors concluded that while animals (swine, cattle, and field mice) may have contributed to reovirus contamination of the watersheds examined, human waste was probably a more significant source of contamination (13). While watershed management practices are different for watersheds polluted by animal sources and watersheds polluted by human sources, both types of waste may contain other pathogens, such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmo- Ϫ2 to 10 Ϫ8 dilutions (in duplicate), respectively, of purified RNA of the reovirus type 1 stock; lane 15, no-template control; lanes M, 2,000-to 50-bp DNA molecular weight marker XIII.…”

“…Another 2-year study showed that reoviruses were the most abundant type of viruses isolated from raw river water; 207 of 445 (46.5%) of the strains of viruses isolated were identified as reoviruses (12). Reoviruses kept in agricultural water streams have been shown to survive for 6 months (13).…”

Assessment of Poliovirus Eradication in Japan: Genomic Analysis of Polioviruses Isolated from River Water and Sewage in Toyama Prefecture

“…We predicted that the genetic analysis of poliovirus isolated from environmental waters might be a useful way of elucidating this. The viruses isolated from the environmental waters, namely, river water and sewage, correlated well with those excreted by inhabitants (13,14,15). Tambini et al have reported that it is important to study the ecology of polioviruses excreted from human intestines into the environment at the final stage of the polio eradication program (21).…”

A 2-year survey of the prevalence of enteric viral infections in children compared with contamination in locally-harvested oysters

“…Reovirus has been found to be more frequently isolated in samples drawn from estuary water [17]. However, several studies have reported no isolation of reovirus from oysters when investigating the occurrence of enteric viruses [15].…”