“…(Afrough et al, 2014;Falout et al, 2009;Liao et al, 2022;Song & Kim, 2017;Yadav & BaniAta, 2013a, 2013b It should be noted that the achievement index, commonly abbreviated as GPA, is a measure of achievement in the academic/educational field. Despite the name "index", GPA isn't really an index in the truest sense, but rather a kind of weighted average (Coyle et al, 2015;Fajnzylber et al, 2019;Heady et al, 2018). The use of GPA in Indonesia has differences for primary-secondary level and higher education level.…”