Ecologie des Leishmanioses dans le sud de la France. 2. - Les réservoirs selvatiques

Abstract

RésuméPoursuivant leur enquête sur les foyers leishm aniens du sud de la France, les auteurs étudient la réceptivité expérim entale et l' infestation spontanée des réservoirs selvatiques. E xpérim entale m ent, les R ongeurs, et particulièrem ent les G liridés, se m ontrent réceptifs aux trois types de L eishm anies, derm otropes et viscéro-tropes (hum aine et canine) ; toutefois, aucune infestation naturelle n'est observée. Par contre, deux R enards, capturés aux lim ites du foyer cévenol, sont trouvés spontaném ent atteints. L 'inoculation d'un broyat de ganglion parasité à deux autres R enards, prove nant d' une région indem ne, est suivie d'infestation. SummaryFollow ing their investigation about the focus of Leishm ania in Southern France, the authors study the experim ental recepti vity and the spontaneous infection of the selvatic reservoirs. E xpe rim entally, the rodents, and particularly the G liridae, appear to b e receptive to the three types of Leishm ania, derm otropic and viscerotropic (hum an and canine) ; how ever no natural infection is observed. O n the other hand tw o foxes captured on the lim its of the C evenol focus w ere found spontaneously infected. T he inoculation of a crushed parasitized lym ph gland to tw o foxes, com ing from an uninfected region, is follow ed by an infection.

Emergence of visceral leishmaniasis in central Israel.

“…1 In addition to dogs, other canids often found in the vicinity of humans, such as jackals (Canis aureus) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), are potential feral reservoirs for L. infantum. 2 Visceral leishmaniasis in the jackal has been described in Iran, 3 Iraq, 4 and Kazakhstan, 5 while VL in the red fox has been reported from France, 6 Portugal, 7 and Italy. 8 Both cutaneous and visceral disease are endemic to Israel.…”

Detection ofLeishmaniain Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Southeastern France Using Real-time Quantitative PCR

“…Leishmaniosis due to L. infantum in red foxes was described in the Cevennes, France, by culturing the parasite (Rioux et al 1968). In Portugal, the antibody prevalence in red foxes was 6% (4 of 71) using the indirect immunofluorescence test (IFA; Abranches et al 1984).…”

“…The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a wild canid found in most all areas of semiwooded Eurasia, North Africa, Australia, and North America. In the Cevennes region of southeastern France in the 1960s, natural Leishmania infection of foxes was demonstrated using bone marrow culture (Rioux et al 1968). To complete these data, we conducted a longitudinal epidemiologic survey using real-time quantitative PCR to determine the geographic distribution and prevalence of L. infantum in red foxes in the department of Var, southeastern France.…”

Geographical distribution and epidemiological features of Old WorldLeishmania infantumandLeishmania donovanifoci, based on the isoenzyme analysis of 2277 strains

“…The dog is incontestably the reservoir host of L. infantum MON-1, in the Mediterranean basin, where it represents between 75 and 98·4% of the canine strains depending on the countries (reviewed by Aït Oudhia et al 2011) (87·2% in the present study). MON-1 has also been found in foxes in Portugal (Campino et al 2006), and previous studies described it as L. infantum wild reservoir host in different countries, including France (Rioux et al 1968), Italy (Bettini et al 1980), Spain (Portus et al 2002) and Portugal (Abranches et al 1983).…”