Ecology of Avian Viruses

Verhagen, Josanne H.

doi:10.1002/9781118025710.ch14

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The results from our model revealed these long-term AIV dynamics to be influenced by a complex process of several ecological and environmental drivers that included the size and composition of the Anseriformes breeding community of the wetland. Thus, results from our model suggest that the waterfowl breeding community composition drives long-term fluctuation of AIV prevalence in our wetland study, similarly to results observed in studies in southern Africa [28, 29], as well as for dabbling ducks in Canada where the proportion of hatch year birds (that ultimately depend on the number of breeding pairs) was positively associated with AIV prevalence [8, 23, 28–31, 52–54]. Bird counts revealed a drastic decrease of breeding couples within the Anseriformes during the course of our study, both at the species and taxa level, while numbers of other resident species increased.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Within the Anseriformes, AIV prevalence has been associated with premigrational staging and high concentrations of juveniles (with up to 30% of infection rates within this age group), presumably due to their naïve immune system [8, 19]. Some authors have noted that once in wintering areas, prevalence rapidly decreases, probably as a consequence of acquired herd immunity [21–23]. Heterosubtypic immunity also seems to influence the prevalence and dynamics of different AIV subtypes in hosts such as the mallard [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term avian influenza virus epidemiology in a small Spanish wetland ecosystem is driven by the breeding Anseriformes community

Torrontegi

Álvarez

Acevedo

et al. 2019

Vet Res

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During 2007–2009 and 2012–2014, avian influenza virus (AIV) was studied in a wild avian community of a northern Spanish wetland using non-invasive sampling methods and host identification by COI barcoding. The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate AIV dynamics in a natural wetland ecosystem, taking into account both virological aspects and ecological traits of hosts. Global AIV prevalence decreased significantly during the second sampling period (0.3%) compared to the first (6.6%). Circulating subtype distributions were also different between periods, with a noteworthy H5 and H7 subtype richness during the first sampling period. Mallard Anas platyrhynchos was identified as the main AIV host, although not all positive samples could be ascribed to the host. We modelled AIV prevalence with regard to the avian host community composition and meteorological data from the wetland. Statistical analysis revealed seasonal differences in AIV detection, with higher prevalence during the breeding season compared to other phenological events. The model also shows that the lower AIV prevalence during the second study period was associated with a significant reduction of breeding Anseriformes in the wetland, revealing a long-term fluctuation of AIV prevalence driven by the breeding Anseriformes community. This longitudinal study on AIV epidemiology in a natural ecosystem reveals that although prevalence follows seasonal and annual patterns, long-term prevalence fluctuation is linked to the breeding community composition and size. These results are relevant to understanding the influence of host ecology on pathogen transmission for preventing and managing influenza emergence.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13567-019-0623-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term avian influenza virus epidemiology in a small Spanish wetland ecosystem is driven by the breeding Anseriformes community

Torrontegi

Álvarez

Acevedo

et al. 2019

Vet Res

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“…High population densities of humans, often in poor sanitary conditions, as well as intensive farming of poultry, pigs, sheep or cattle, provide ideal conditions for rapid spread of pathogens once they have emerged. For example, the H1N1, H5N1 and Nipah virus originated from wild animal infections of chicken and pigs in extremely dense and physiologically stressed conditions, respectively (Rohr et al 2019 ; Verhagen et al 2011 ). Globalization and introductions of invasive species, for example translocation of disease vectors like Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes, the most important vectors of Dengue, Chikunguna, and Zika viruses (Gloria-Soria et al 2016 ; Musso and Gubler 2015 ), then lead to anthropogenic spread of emerging pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity loss, emerging pathogens and human health risks

2020

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Outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases are occurring with increasing frequency and consequences, including wildlife diseases and zoonoses. Those have potentially long-lasting effects on human and wildlife populations, with inevitable direct and indirect effects on ecosystems. The intensifying emergence of infectious pathogens has many underlying reasons, all driven by the growing anthropogenic impact on nature. Intensifying pathogen emergence can be attributed to climate change, biodiversity loss, habitat degradation, and an increasing rate of wildlife–human contacts. All of these are caused by synergies between persisting intense poverty and a growing human population. Improved global management of the human-driven biological degradation and international dispersal processes that exacerbate those pandemic threats are now long overdue. It is vital that we act decisively in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis to radically change how we collectively manage the planet as a whole.

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Evidence for Different Virulence Determinants and Host Response after Infection of Turkeys and Chickens with Highly Pathogenic H7N1 Avian Influenza Virus

Blaurock

Pfaff

Scheibner

et al. 2022

J Virol

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Infection with HPAIV in chickens and turkeys, two closely related galliform species, results in severe disease and death. Although the presence of a polybasic cleavage site (pCS) in the hemagglutinin of AIV is a major virulence determinant for the transition of LPAIV to HPAIV, there are knowledge gaps on the genetic determinants (including pCS) and the host responses in turkeys compared to chickens.

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Ecology of Avian Viruses

Cited by 4 publications

References 83 publications

Long-term avian influenza virus epidemiology in a small Spanish wetland ecosystem is driven by the breeding Anseriformes community

Long-term avian influenza virus epidemiology in a small Spanish wetland ecosystem is driven by the breeding Anseriformes community

Biodiversity loss, emerging pathogens and human health risks

Evidence for Different Virulence Determinants and Host Response after Infection of Turkeys and Chickens with Highly Pathogenic H7N1 Avian Influenza Virus

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