Ecology of Coarse Woody Debris in Temperate Ecosystems

Harmon, Mark E.; Franklin, Jerry F.; Swanson, Frederick J.; Sollins, Phillip; Gregory, Stan V.; Lattin, John D.; Anderson, Norman H.; Cline, Steven P.; Aumen, Nicholas G.; Sedell, James R.; Lienkaemper, George W.; Cromack, Kermit; Cummins, Kenneth W.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2504(08)60121-x

Cited by 3,178 publications

(3,196 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…In practice, log diameter varies greatly with tree height and age, position within the tree, site conditions and presumably also the genotype of a given species. Therefore, the diameters of logs are usually regarded as a covariate to take into account when testing the effects of other predictors of wood decomposition rates (Harmon et al 1986;Yin 1999). To tease out the contributions of chemical and structural traits to wood decomposition (see below), it is generally a useful approach to hold diameter constant to the extent possible in interspecific comparisons Freschet et al 2012c).…”

Section: Tree Size Mattersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wood decomposition is the outcome of multiple interactions between decomposer communities (composition, abundance, activity) and the substrate (structure, chemistry). These interactions largely depend on top-down control from abiotic and biotic factors whose interactions determine the local environment decomposition (Harmon et al 1986;Freschet et al 2012c), while there is also a potentially important role for the micro-structure of the woody cell wall, i.e. the type and share of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose (Eriksson et al 1990).…”

Section: Wood Chemistry and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dead wood plays several paramount roles from local to global scale (Harmon et al 1986;Cornwell et al 2009;Wirth et al 2009;Yin 1999). It is an important component of global biogeochemistry, including nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both decomposition and fire are major determinants of CO 2 release from the earth surface over decadal time scales (Sitch et al 2003;Brovkin et al 2012), with possible implications for global temperature regimes. Apart from its importance for biogeochemical cycling, dead wood in the forest is also a great source of biodiversity (Harmon et al 1986;Jonsson and Jonsson 2007;Wirth et al 2009). Northern forests in cool and cold biomes, for instance, support a wealth of wood-rot fungi (Odor et al 2006;Schmidt 2006;Hottola et al 2009), vertebrates (Bunnell and Houde 2010), diverse taxa of invertebrates (Grosser 1985;Grove 2002;Castro and Wise 2010;Dechene and Buddle 2010;Janssen et al 2011;Ulyshen et al 2011), lichens (Humphrey et al 2002) and bryophytes (Andersson and Hytteborn 1991;Humphrey et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harmon et al 1986;Yin 1999, Harmon 2009). However, we still know little about the relative contributions of the different drivers of wood decomposition rate and dynamics in forest ecosystems ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controls on Coarse Wood Decay in Temperate Tree Species: Birth of the LOGLIFE Experiment

Cornelissen¹,

Sass‐Klaassen

Poorter

et al. 2012

AMBIO

121

150

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Dead wood provides a huge terrestrial carbon stock and a habitat to wide-ranging organisms during its decay. Our brief review highlights that, in order to understand environmental change impacts on these functions, we need to quantify the contributions of different interacting biotic and abiotic drivers to wood decomposition. LOG-LIFE is a new long-term 'common-garden' experiment to disentangle the effects of species' wood traits and siterelated environmental drivers on wood decomposition dynamics and its associated diversity of microbial and invertebrate communities. This experiment is firmly rooted in pioneering experiments under the directorship of Terry Callaghan at Abisko Research Station, Sweden. LOGLIFE features two contrasting forest sites in the Netherlands, each hosting a similar set of coarse logs and branches of 10 tree species. LOGLIFE welcomes other researchers to test further questions concerning coarse wood decay that will also help to optimise forest management in view of carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation.

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Section: Tree Size Mattersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wood Chemistry and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Controls on Coarse Wood Decay in Temperate Tree Species: Birth of the LOGLIFE Experiment

Cornelissen¹,

Sass‐Klaassen

Poorter

et al. 2012

AMBIO

121

150

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Dynamics of Wood Transport in Streams: A Flume Experiment

Braudrick

Grant

Ishikawa

et al. 1997

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

223

200

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The influence of woody debris on channel morphology and aquatic habitat has been recognized for many years. Unlike sediment, however, little is known about how wood moves through river systems. We examined some dynamics of wood transport in streams through a series of flume experiments and observed three distinct wood transport regimes: uncongested, congested and semi-congested. During uncongested transport, logs move without piece-to-piece interactions and generally occupy less than 10 per cent of the channel area. In congested transport, the logs move together as a single mass and occupy more than 33 per cent of the channel area. Semi-congested transport is intermediate between these two transport regimes. The type of transport regime was most sensitive to changes in a dimensionless input rate, defined as the ratio of log volume delivered to the channel per second (Q log ) to discharge (Q w ); this ratio varied between 0·015 for uncongested transport and 0·20 for congested transport. Depositional fabrics within stable log jams varied by transport type, with deposits derived from uncongested and semi-congested transport regimes having a higher proportion of pieces oriented normal to flow than those derived from congested transport. Because wood input rates are higher and channel dimensions decrease relative to piece size in low-order channels, we expect congested transport will be more common in low-order streams while uncongested transport will dominate higher-order streams. Single flotation models can be used to model the stability of individual pieces, especially in higher-order channels, but are insufficient for modelling the more complex interactions that occur in lower-order streams.

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The distribution of large woody debris accumulations and pools in relation to woodland stream management in a small, low-gradient stream

Gurnell

Sweet

1998

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

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This paper focuses upon the natural dynamics of large woody debris (LWD), the impact of management on LWD dynamics, and the impact of LWD removal and channelization on the distribution and size of pools in a British, second to third order, headwater catchment. The study stream is rather different from those subject to LWD accumulations which have been studied in North America. The most important contrast is that it is surrounded by predominantly deciduous rather than coniferous woodland. In terms of its width (1´8±4´5m) and gradient (0´013m m ±1 ), it falls within the lower range of channels studied in North America. Nevertheless, there are similarities in LWD dam and pool spacing with some North American studies. The information on LWD dynamics during a period without management and on recovery of LWD dams after clearance covers a 16 year period (1982±1997). The paper illustrates that seven to eight years after clearance the total number of LWD dams has recovered but the most hydraulically active dam type has not recovered to pre-clearance levels. An analysis of geomorphological maps of the channel surveyed in 1982 and 1996/97 shows an overall decrease in the number and size of pools along the section that was cleared of LWD dams. The magnitude of the decrease and the associated adjustments in pools through changes in their size and location differ according to location with respect to a section of the study stream which was channelized in c. 1966 and which has subsequently incised its bed. #

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Ecology of Coarse Woody Debris in Temperate Ecosystems

Cited by 3,178 publications

References 226 publications

Controls on Coarse Wood Decay in Temperate Tree Species: Birth of the LOGLIFE Experiment

Controls on Coarse Wood Decay in Temperate Tree Species: Birth of the LOGLIFE Experiment

Dynamics of Wood Transport in Streams: A Flume Experiment

The distribution of large woody debris accumulations and pools in relation to woodland stream management in a small, low-gradient stream

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