Ecology of Hypogeous Fungi Associated with Ponderosa Pine. I. Patterns of Distribution and Sporocarp Production in Some Arizona Forests

States, Jack S.; Gaud, W. S.

doi:10.2307/3761127

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…It is considered an indicator species for P. ponderosa forest structure and canopy‐dependent wildlife (Chambers & Germaine 2003; Prather et al 2006) and important prey for Northern goshawk ( Accipiter gentilis ; Reynolds et al 1992). Squirrels play a key role in symbiotic interactions of mycorrhizal fungi with P. ponderosa , consuming fruiting bodies and dispersing spores (States & Gaud 1997; States & Wettstein 1998). Tree squirrels are well suited for research as they are sufficiently abundant to yield statistically meaningful population data and sensitive enough to structural habitat condition changes to allow for forest management inferences (Carey 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past even‐aged treatments, structurally similar to restoration prescriptions to achieve pre‐settlement reference conditions (Mast et al 1999; Mast 2003), have reduced forest canopy closure, interlocking canopy trees, mature tree density, and patchiness and are detrimental to S. aberti populations at the patch scale (Pederson et al 1976, 1987; Patton 1984; Patton et al 1985; Dodd et al 2003), with largely unknown impact at the landscape scale. Intensive thinning alters fungi microhabitats, reduces fungi production (States & Gaud 1997), and potentially disrupts symbiotic relationships among fungi, pines, and squirrels (Pederson et al 1987; States et al 1988; States & Gaud 1997). Fungi constitute an important seasonal food for S. aberti (Stephenson 1975; States et al 1988) and strongly influence juvenile recruitment (Dodd et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landscape‐Scale Forest Habitat Relationships to Tassel‐Eared Squirrel Populations: Implications for Ponderosa Pine Forest Restoration

Dodd

Schweinsburg

Boe

2006

Restoration Ecology

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Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine) forest ecosystem restoration is a growing emphasis in the southwestern United States to address over 120 years of forest structure change, decreased forest health, and increased potential for disease and wildfire. Restoration treatments replicating presettlement conditions may reduce tree density by 98%, are detrimental to canopy-dependent wildlife such as tasseleared squirrel (Sciurus aberti), particularly at the patch scale, and are of concern when applied at the landscape scale. We examined S. aberti population dynamics in north-central Arizona, U.S.A., from 1999 to 2002 at nine 280-ha sites oriented along a landscape gradient of varying proportions (4.6-99.2%) of unlogged, high-quality (HQ) habitats within a matrix of intensively thinned low-quality habitat. Our objectives were to estimate S. aberti density, juvenile recruitment, and survival across this gradient; quantify patch-and landscape-scale habitat relationships to populations; evaluate possible habitat thresholds in squirrel population response; and develop forest management recommendations. In regression models, both patch-scale and landscape-scale parameters influenced squirrel populations. At the patch scale, number of interlocking canopy trees was added most frequently, whereas the proportion of HQ habitat was the landscape-scale variable added in five of seven models. Recruitment and survival at dense, HQ plots were inversely related to number of small, saplingsized trees. Nonlinear thresholds in density and recruitment occurred when the proportion of HQ habitat at study sites was between 24 and 42%. Our study points to the importance of maintaining HQ habitat in mesoreserves on the landscape at or above this threshold range, as well as pursing a mix of forest management prescriptions in the matrix surrounding mesoreserves to achieve wildlife, forest restoration, and fire risk reduction objectives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape‐Scale Forest Habitat Relationships to Tassel‐Eared Squirrel Populations: Implications for Ponderosa Pine Forest Restoration

Dodd

Schweinsburg

Boe

2006

Restoration Ecology

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“…The tassel-eared squirrel (Sciurus aberti) is a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)-obligate species, endemic to the southwestern United States (Keith 1965). It plays an important role in these systems, where it facilitates essential symbiotic interactions of mycorrhizal fungi with ponderosa pine through consumption of fruiting bodies and dispersal of spores Gaud 1997, States andWettstein 1998). It also serves as an important prey for the southwestern subspecies of the northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis; Reynolds et al 1992, Beier andDrennan 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape Models to Predict the Influence of Forest Structure on Tassel-Eared Squirrel Populations

Prather

Dodd

Dickson

et al. 2006

Journal of Wildlife Management

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The tassel‐eared squirrel (Sciurus aberti) is often used as an indicator species in southwestern ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests. Because of more than a century of fire suppression, grazing, and timber harvest, these forests have become increasingly prone to catastrophic wildfire, resulting in pressure to implement large‐scale treatments to reduce fire threat and restore ecosystem function. However, such treatments could have dramatic effects on tassel‐eared squirrels and other wildlife. Because of emerging plans for thinning southwestern forests to reduce fire threat, we undertook a modeling effort to produce spatial data to examine the results of proposed management actions on squirrel habitat. We used squirrel density and recruitment data from 9 study areas located in the Flagstaff region of northern Arizona, USA, linked with spatial data on forest structure developed from remote‐sensing imagery. We used a multiscale approach to analyze relationships between forest structure and squirrel density and recruitment. We then used an information‐theoretic approach to identify the most parsimonious models for both squirrel density and recruitment. The most strongly supported models of squirrel density included local‐scale basal area and >60% canopy cover at the 65‐ha spatial scale. For squirrel recruitment, 4 different models that included both local‐scale basal area (m2/ha) and variations of canopy cover over extents of approximately 160–305 ha were strongly supported. Using the most parsimonious models, we created spatial data layers representing both squirrel density and recruitment across an 800,000‐ha landscape in northern Arizona. Our approach resulted in spatially explicit models that can be used in efforts to predict the effects of forest management on squirrel populations.

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“…Variation in fungal consumption often is positively related to availability of fungal sporocarps (Johnson 1994;North et al 1997;Cazares et al 1999), but factors influencing sporocarp abundance are not well understood. In drier interior forests of western North America, sporocarp production is directly related to availability of moisture both seasonally (States and Gaud 1997) and topographically (Lehmkuhl et al 2004). In ponderosa pine forests of northern Arizona, the biomass of hypogeous fungal sporocarps was positively associated with seasonal precipitation (States and Gaud 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In drier interior forests of western North America, sporocarp production is directly related to availability of moisture both seasonally (States and Gaud 1997) and topographically (Lehmkuhl et al 2004). In ponderosa pine forests of northern Arizona, the biomass of hypogeous fungal sporocarps was positively associated with seasonal precipitation (States and Gaud 1997). In mixedconifer forests of eastern Washington, where moisture declines from spring into summer and fall, biomass and richness of hypogeous sporocarps peak in the spring when moisture is still plentiful (Lehmkuhl et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi in the diets of northern flying squirrels and lodgepole chipmunks in the Sierra Nevada

Meyer¹,

North²,

Kelt³

2005

Can. J. Zool.

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The diets of a fungal specialist, northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801)), and a dietary generalist, lodgepole chipmunk (Neotamias speciosus (Merriam, 1890)), were examined in the old-growth, mixed-conifer forest at the Teakettle Experimental Forest in California's southern Sierra Nevada. Spores of fungi were identified from fecal pellets collected from both species during spring and summer of 1999 through 2002. Frequency of fungi in the diets of both squirrel species was consistently high across all seasons and years of study. Overall, G. sabrinus diets contained about 30% greater richness and evenness of fungal taxa than N. speciosus diets. There were no seasonal differences in richness and evenness of fungal taxa in squirrel diets. Richness of fungal taxa in diets was positively correlated with hypogeous sporocarp biomass and rainfall from June through August for N. speciosus but not for G. sabrinus. Dietary overlap between G. sabrinus and N. speciosus was high with respect to the most frequently consumed fungal taxa, although Gautieria and Gastroboletus were consumed in greater proportions by G. sabrinus than N. speciosus. Our results indicate that in the southern Sierra Nevada both G. sabrinus and N. speciosus were frequent consumers of a similar, diverse assemblage of fungal taxa and that consumption was proportional to seasonal differences in availability. For the more strongly mycophagist G. sabrinus, however, diet had a greater proportion of select fungal taxa and avoidance of less desirable taxa.

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Ecology of Hypogeous Fungi Associated with Ponderosa Pine. I. Patterns of Distribution and Sporocarp Production in Some Arizona Forests

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Landscape‐Scale Forest Habitat Relationships to Tassel‐Eared Squirrel Populations: Implications for Ponderosa Pine Forest Restoration

Landscape‐Scale Forest Habitat Relationships to Tassel‐Eared Squirrel Populations: Implications for Ponderosa Pine Forest Restoration

Landscape Models to Predict the Influence of Forest Structure on Tassel-Eared Squirrel Populations

Fungi in the diets of northern flying squirrels and lodgepole chipmunks in the Sierra Nevada

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