Economía creativa en las ciudades de México. Un estudio sobre la presencia y vinculaciones de las industrias-ocupaciones creativas y culturales en el Sistema Urbano de México

Abstract

La economía creativa se ha convertido en una de las fuentes más relevantes de crecimiento en múltiples y diversas ciudades del orbe. Conocer los impactos y las cadenas de valor que este sector de la economía genera, será central para entender las potencialidades y retos de crecimiento que las ciudades mexicanas enfrentarán en el futuro inmediato. Este libro estudia las vinculaciones que las industrias y ocupaciones creativas desarrollan en el sistema urbano de México. Se analiza la economía creativa en cinco segmentos, que son el Arte, Servicios creativos, Software, I&D y Entretenimiento, y se estiman las interacciones económicas que desarrollan entre sí y con el resto de las actividades en las ciudades de México, del 2003 a la fecha. Los impactos y vinculaciones se estiman a través de técnicas estadísticas y modelos económicos apropiados para tales fines. Los resultados muestran que las vinculaciones de la economía creativa son heterogéneas a lo largo de las ciudades y que no están libres de tensiones regionales. La liberalización económica a través del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN, ahora T-MEC, Tratado entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá), el turismo y el dinamismo de ciudades medias son algunos de los factores clave que explican el crisol de emergencia y consolidación de la economía creativa a lo largo del sistema urbano mexicano.

The Creative Economy as a Factor of Economic Development: Three Different Cases, One Common Objective

“…With information and data from Valdivia et al (2020), we know that approximately 10% of the workforce in Mexico is involved in creative occupations. By 2019, there were about 100 thousand productive units related to creative activities, which were mainly located in the Metropolitan Zones of Valle de Mexico, Queretaro, Merida, Tijuana, Guadalajara, Cancun, Pachuca, and Leon.…”

“…According to the same authors (Valdivia et al, 2020), there are not enough research works with complete analysis about the impact of creative economies in the development of Mexico. They also mentioned the necessity of a more accurate classification for the cultural and creative industries (CCI) to understand their advantages.…”

“…This proposal is appropriate since these five sectors concentrate more than 90% of the creative industries in the country. Valdivia et al (2020) used information from two important databases generated by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, INEGI in Mexico. The first source is the Economic Censuses which offer a lot of valuable information disaggregated by regions and sectors, but it's limited in terms of occupations and employment.…”

“…Creative Trident = Creative specialists + Non-creative in Creative Industries + Creative in noncreative sectors. Source: Data from the second trimester of ENOE, 2005 andValdivia et al (2020) In 2005 there were 2,870,550 people employed in creative industries, which represented 7.1% of the total employment in Mexico. From the total employed population, 1.2% were creative specialists and 2.2% were non-creative workers working in a creative sector.…”

“…The non-creative workers working in creative industries increased their participation by 0.3%. Census, 2014;ENOE, 2014 andValdivia et al (2020) In 2019, Mexico had a total of 111,548 enterprises within the cultural and creative industries. The majority of the companies belonged to the sport and entertainment sector, representing 48.3% of the total industries.…”