The objective of this research is to examine growth and convergence processes in the provinces of Ecuador, considering sectoral productivity as an analysis variable. To do so, evidence of the productivity of the agricultural, secondary and service sectors is presented, and by applying the non-parametric method of density functions of the kernel, the complete distribution of the data is analyzed. The results obtained indicate that territorial inequality in Ecuador has very different behavior depending on the sectors of the economy. It is noted that inequality in terms of productivity is very high in the agricultural sector, it is at an average level in the secondary sector, and is less intense in the service sector. In the long-term, the overall balance is that sectoral inequality decreased among Ecuadorian provinces. However, there are two processes differentiated in time; in the first phase, inequality decreases more rapidly and in the second phase, it even increases in some sectors, as in the case of secondary sector returns.

La economía creativa se ha convertido en una de las fuentes más relevantes de crecimiento en múltiples y diversas ciudades del orbe. Conocer los impactos y las cadenas de valor que este sector de la economía genera, será central para entender las potencialidades y retos de crecimiento que las ciudades mexicanas enfrentarán en el futuro inmediato. Este libro estudia las vinculaciones que las industrias y ocupaciones creativas desarrollan en el sistema urbano de México. Se analiza la economía creativa en cinco segmentos, que son el Arte, Servicios creativos, Software, I&D y Entretenimiento, y se estiman las interacciones económicas que desarrollan entre sí y con el resto de las actividades en las ciudades de México, del 2003 a la fecha. Los impactos y vinculaciones se estiman a través de técnicas estadísticas y modelos económicos apropiados para tales fines. Los resultados muestran que las vinculaciones de la economía creativa son heterogéneas a lo largo de las ciudades y que no están libres de tensiones regionales. La liberalización económica a través del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN, ahora T-MEC, Tratado entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá), el turismo y el dinamismo de ciudades medias son algunos de los factores clave que explican el crisol de emergencia y consolidación de la economía creativa a lo largo del sistema urbano mexicano.

Currently, obtaining evidence of the correlation between economic growth and environmental deterioration is of great relevance. Due to an increase in economic activity, an increase in CO2 emissions and its possible effects on the current climate change is very worrying. The studies that analyze this correlation serve as a basis for the awareness of countries and the establishment of policies worldwide to curb such deterioration. The objective of this research is achieved through a panel data model and spatial econometric techniques to address the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation in Ecuador. A regression model is proposed where the deterioration dependent variable is CO2 emissions, which is also an independent variable for the provincial gross value added. Poverty and inequality are considered as control variables in order to observe their effects on CO2 emission. The results are coherent with what is stated by the theory and describe an inverted U-shaped curve. They also show that the generation of pollutant emissions is directly related to the growth of the vehicle fleet and inversely related with the population’s schooling levels. The spatial effects are significant and the spatial impact multipliers indicate that the strongest direct and indirect effect is the one caused by the generation of car emissions per capita. This variable is relevant for the design of public policy aimed at improving environmental quality.

<p>Este artículo analiza las implicaciones de la COVID-19 en la recepción de remesas de los estados y sus efectos en el crecimiento económico durante 2020. Con una metodología basada en simulaciones de un modelo macro regional y el uso de cuadrantes, como instrumento para la construcción de un semáforo de alertas, se concluye que nuevamente las remesas serán de los pocos mecanismos contracíclicos con los que contará la economía mexicana para afrontar una crisis económica. Sin embargo, el efecto de amortiguamiento de las remesas sobre la actividad económica de los estados será heterogéneo y, en algunos estados, no suficiente para contrarrestar la pérdida de ingreso y empleo que experimentará el país. La región tradicional de migración será una de las más beneficiadas del efecto contracíclico de las remesas.</p>

This paper analyzes empirically a macro model and a regional model to explain Mexico and Mexico City economies respectively. Typically, regional economic modeling considers either a top-down or bottom-up approach to model regional difference in economic growth. This paper shows results that explain regional difference in Mexico from the bottom-up through a special case that focuses on the spatial interaction between Mexico City-the main economic engine of Mexico-and the rest of the country during the period 2000-2010. Our results indicate that variables associated with human capital, internal migration, "creative class", micro-firms and spatial interaction among micro-regions were conditioning the differential growth between Mexico City and the whole country during the period 2000-2010. Likewise, we present econometric results of a typical macro model that explains economic growth in Mexico by different income effects on components of aggregate demand during the period 1993-2010. The purpose of both exercises is to motivate future research for the Mexican case to link macro components (such as export driven forces, Mexico´s dependency to the USA´s business cycle, loss of government spending, etc.) with their local counterparts such as agglomeration economies, human and creative capital stock, regional spillovers, natural resources, dynamic population, etc. to explain regional differential growth.