Economic Analysis of the Use of Tissue Culture for Rapid Forest Improvement

Hasnain, Sadiq; Overend, R. P.; Pigeon, René

doi:10.5558/tfc62240-4

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The long life cycle of conifers slows genetic improvement via the traditional sexual breeding process. Clonal (vegetative) propagation techniques show considerable promise for achieving more rapid tree improvement and increased productivity (7,15,20,29). There are three distinct methods of clonal propagation that are applicable to forest trees: macropropagation, micropropagation, and somatic embryogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of in Vitro Embryogenic Systems in Conifers

Becwar¹,

Wann²,

Johnson³

et al. 1988

Somatic Cell Genetics of Woody Plants

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Our progress is reviewed on development of somatic embryogenesis in conifers for mass propagation. A distinct embryogenic callus (EC) phenotype, white, mucilaginous, and rapidly growing, has been initiated on modified MS media with 2,4-D or NAA (2-5 mg/L) and BA(0-1 mg/L) from immature embryos of Norway spruce (Picea abies), white spruce (Picea glauca), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), pond pine (Pinus serotina), and white pine (Pinus strobus). EC has also been initiated from mature embryos of Norway spruce and maintained as rapidly growing (48 hour doubling) liquid suspensions. Initiation of EC in Picea and Pinus differ markedly in several ways. Precotyledonary embryos were optimal in Pinus and EC originated from the suspensor region. In Picea EC originated from the hypocotyl and cotyledon region of predominantly post-cotyledonary embryos. Biochemically, EC of Picea and Pinus were similar and distinctly different from nonembryogenic callus (NEC) in terms of ethylene evolution rates (EC low and NEC high), level of total reductants, including glutathione (EC low and NEC high), and protein synthesis rates (EC high and NEC low). Conifer somatic embryos contained proplastids closely resembling those found in early zygotic embryos. On proliferation medium in the light, EC was white and maintained the proplastid morphology, whereas, NEC was green and contained mature chloroplasts with grana. These biochemical and ultrastructural differences served to both verify and predict embryogenic potential.With Norway spruce somatic embryos, maturation frequencies as high as 25% have been attained. Germination frequencies as high as 82% (mean 56%) have been obtained. Twenty-nine percent of the somatic embryo plantlets survived transfer to the greenhouse, set a dormant terminal bud, overwintered to -5°C, and renewed vegetative growth synchronously with control seedlings. This is the first report of overwintering and renewed vegetative growth from resting buds of conifer somatic embryo plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of in Vitro Embryogenic Systems in Conifers

Becwar¹,

Wann²,

Johnson³

et al. 1988

Somatic Cell Genetics of Woody Plants

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“…Improvements to these stages will make conifer micropropagation much more efficient and, consequently, reduce the high costs of production [65,71,94,117,134].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root production and plantlet development in tissue-cultured conifers

Mohammed¹,

Vidaver

1988

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Rooting and acclimatization procedures for micropropagated conifers are reviewed, with emphasis on their effects on root quality and plantlet performance in the nursery and field. Major influences on root production include auxin concentration and mode of application, shoot quality, donor age, clone and temperature. The development of a fibrous, well-branched root system has been a problem that may be solved by using rooting substrates that are better-aerated than agar. Further development of the root system may be enhanced by early air-pruning and ectomycorrhizal associations. During acclimatization, high humidity is required for conifers. However, conifers have an advantage over non-coniferous plantlets with respect to water loss because of a better development of the needle cuticles prior to transfer to in vivo conditions. In greenhouse and field comparisons with seedlings, plantlets were similar in survival and growth rate, but root systems were less fibrous. Also, features of early maturation have been observed for plantlets, the cause of which is uncertain. Pertinent research with rooted cuttings and seedlings of conifers has been cited to gain a better understanding of the factors involved in root production and development.

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“…In E. citriodo/"{/, we have successfully encapsulated somatic embryos and obtained about three percent germination, using the method of Redenbaugh et al (1986). Hasnain and Chcliak (1986) and Hasnain et al (1986) compared the economics of tissue culture-raised trees in New Zealand, United States and Canada. In Canada.…”

Section: Economics Of Cloning Using Tissue Culture Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Biotechnology in Forestry and Horticulture

Dhawan¹

1990

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Land is the most fundamental resource of a country and as a result of the high rate of population growth in India, the pressure to produce more food, fodder, timber and fuelwood from the available land is intense. Land use, therefore, needs judicious planning. India has about 130 Mha of wastelands. Wastelands are defined as lands that are degraded and are lying unutilised due to constraints such as salinity, alkalinity, waterlogging, wind and water erosion, etc. Since wastelands are degraded and unsuitable for agriculture, they can be utilised to meet the growing demand for fuelwood, fodder, small timber and industrial wood. Not only do we have to reclaim the wastelands but we should also try and protect our forest cover which is being depleted at the rate of 1.3 Mha per year. Efforts are also required to step up the existing per hectare yield of 0.2 m 3 to 2-3 m 3 • The need of the hour is a quantum jump in existing afforestation targets. The plan is to afforest wastelands at a rate of 5 Mha per annum. Such large-scale plantations will demand a large amount of planting material (seeds or seedlings) and in order to achieve higher yields, it is important that 4 Ram achan dran these planting materials are of good quality. This means a high yielding plant which is also resistant to different diseases and pests. Such plants can be obtained by conventional methods of tree breeding and non-conventional methods of genetic engineering and somatic hybridisation. Unlike annual crops, the breeding behavior of trees is complex and their life-cycle long. Therefore, it takes many years to produce a variety with desirable traits. However, the development of modern non-conventional methods of genetic engineering, tissue culture and somatic hybridisation has offered new ways to enhance forest productivity more rapidly. By these methods, it has become possible to develop such varieties of ornamental and crop plants, with many desirable traits such as fast growth, high yield, disease resistance, herbicide and stress tolerance, etc. in a much shorter time than that taken by the conventional methods. However, this quick, non-conventional methodology of producing plants is very expensive. Since both the methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, it will be prudent to combine the conventional methods and the new methods of biotechnology to increase productivity, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in order to achieve the desired goals. CHOICE OF TREESForests constitute the base for agriculture, animal husbandry, industrial development and, thus, all-round development. A dense forest cover is also required for a healthy environment, as deforestation leads to environmental degradation, soil erosion, recurrent floods, droughts and desertification. India's forest area is about 64.20 Mha which constitutes about 19.52 percent of the total geographic area of the country (National Natural Resource Monitoring System, 1987, of the Department of Space, Government of India). With less than 2 percent of the world's forest area, we are ...

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Economic Analysis of the Use of Tissue Culture for Rapid Forest Improvement

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Development and Characterization of in Vitro Embryogenic Systems in Conifers

Development and Characterization of in Vitro Embryogenic Systems in Conifers

Root production and plantlet development in tissue-cultured conifers

Applications of Biotechnology in Forestry and Horticulture

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