Economic Benefits of Waste Pickling Solution Valorization

Gueccia, Rosa; Bogle, David; Randazzo, Serena; Tamburini, Alessandro; Cipollina, Andrea; Winter, Daniel; Koschikowski, Joachim; Micale, Giorgio Domenico Maria

doi:10.3390/membranes12020114

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In recent years, several studies have been carried out on the regeneration of acid waste liquids by diffusion dialysis [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In the literature [ 3 ], diffusion dialysis was used for the treatment of spent desoldering solutions with the content of tin, iron, copper, and lead in HNO 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their next work, an innovative membrane process was designed that combines diffusion dialysis and membrane distillation technologies with a reactive precipitation unit to recover acid from the pickling solution [ 8 ], and a pilot operation of this combined process was also presented [ 9 ]. In [ 10 ], authors performed an economic analysis of this developed process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Batch dialysis was used, for example, for the separation of an aqueous solution of HCl + FeCl 2 [ 16 ] or for the separation of an HNO 3 + Fe(NO 3 ) 3 mixture [ 17 ] using an anion-exchange membrane Neosepta-AFN. In the case of continuous processes, the most widely used type of membrane modules is the flat plate dialyzer [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]; however, spiral wound diffusion dialysis membrane modules have attracted much attention recently. A spiral wound module with the Fumasep-FAD membrane was, e.g., used to separate H 2 SO 4 and Cu 2+ and Fe 2+ salts [ 18 ] and to separate HCl and Zn 2+ , Cr 3+ , Ni 2+ , and Fe 2+ salts [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Anion-Exchange Membranes for Diffusion Dialysis of Mixtures of Acids and Their Iron Salts

Bendová,

Dušek,

Palarčík

2023

Membranes

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This study presents the possibility of using diffusion dialysis for the separation of inorganic acids (hydrochloric, nitric, and hydrofluoric) and their ferric salts whose composition corresponds to that of real spent pickling solutions. At a steady state, the transport properties of three different anion-exchange membranes (Fumasep-FAD, Neosepta-AFN, and Neosepta-AHA) are compared using a continuous counter-current dialyzer. At a constant composition of the solutions (acid concentration 3 mol L−1 and iron concentration 30–40 g L−1), the effects of volumetric liquid flow rates on the transport rate of H+ and Fe3+ ions through the membrane are studied. The dialysis process is characterized by the recovery of acids and the rejection of salts. Furthermore, the values of the dialysis coefficients of acids, iron, and the acid/iron separation factors are calculated and compared. The volumetric flow rates of the inlet streams change in limits from 3 × 10−8 to 6 × 10−8 m3 s−1 (from 3 to 6 L h−1 m−2, relative to the membrane area). A comparison of the tested membranes shows slightly better results for acid recovery, iron rejection, and acid/iron separation factors for the Fumasep-FAD membrane than for the Neosepta-AFN membrane. However, the results obtained show that both of these anion-exchange membranes can be considered good separators for tested mixtures that simulate real spent pickling solutions, and there is a good precondition for using diffusion dialysis for processing these solutions in industrial practice. On the contrary, very low values of acid recovery and the overall dialysis coefficient of acid are found for the Neosepta-AHA membrane in the test range of the volumetric flow rate, and, thus, this membrane is insufficient for the adequate separation of these acids and iron salts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Anion-Exchange Membranes for Diffusion Dialysis of Mixtures of Acids and Their Iron Salts

Bendová,

Dušek,

Palarčík

2023

Membranes

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“…In recent years, there have been several studies on the regeneration of waste solutions by diffusion dialysis [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Lan et al [ 3 ] published results on the recovery of HNO 3 from acid effluents discharged by an electrodialysis plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gueccia et al [ 11 ] used diffusion dialysis for the separation of hydrochloric acid from iron and zinc from highly concentrated pickling solutions using a laboratory batch dialyzer and a larger continuous dialyzer, both equipped with a Fumasep anion-exchange membrane. In their subsequent work, an innovative membrane process was proposed for acid recovery from the pickling solution by combining diffusion dialysis and membrane distillation technologies with a reactive precipitation unit [ 12 ], a pilot operation of this combined process was presented [ 13 ], and an economic analysis was performed to demonstrate the feasibility of this developed process [ 14 ]. To overcome the limitations of the traditional DD process, such as low processing capacity and serious water osmosis, Zhang et al [ 15 ] proposed a double-driven pressure–concentration DD process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Spent Pickling Solutions by Diffusion Dialysis Using Anion-Exchange Membrane Neosepta-AFN

Bendová

Dušek

2022

Membranes

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This article presents the possibility of using diffusion dialysis for processing spent pickling solution from pickling stainless steels with a mixture of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. A counter-current two-compartment dialyzer equipped with an anion-exchange membrane Neosepta-AFN was used to study and compare the diffusion dialysis of model mixture of hydrofluoric acid and ferric nitrate and a real spent pickling solution. The separation efficiency was characterized by the acid recovery yield, the rejection coefficient of the metals, the permeability coefficient of the membrane, and the separation factor. These characteristics were calculated from the data obtained at steady state. For the real spent pickling solution tested, the permeability values of nitrates 1.7 × 10−6 m s−1, fluorides 0.4 × 10−6 m s−1, and ferric ions 1.1 × 10−7 m s−1 were achieved. The separation factor for nitrates/ferric ions was 15.7 and 3.6 for fluorides/ferric ions. Furthermore, the dependencies of recovery yield and rejection for different concentrations of hydrofluoric acid and ferric nitrate were determined.

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Combining Membrane and Zero Brine Technologies in Waste Acid Treatment for a Circular Economy in the Hot-Dip Galvanizing Industry: A Life Cycle Perspective

Lorenz

Seitfudem

Randazzo

et al. 2023

J. Sustain. Metall.

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An innovative approach of combining membrane and zero brine technologies for a joint treatment of industrial liquid waste is investigated regarding its environmental impacts compared to the existing liquid waste treatment. The object of investigation is the generation of waste acid solution by a hot dip galvanizing plant in Sicily, Italy. The waste acid solution contains hydrochloric acid, iron and zinc, which makes it a hazardous waste according to EU classifications. Environmental impacts are studied for two scenarios in the Tecnozinco hot-dip galvanizing plant in Sicily, Italy: (i) the current process of pickling with linear disposal of waste acid and (ii) the pickling combined with in-situ treatment of the waste acid using a combination of diffusion dialysis (DD), membrane distillation (MD) and a precipitation reactor. Results are obtained via an attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) approach focusing on the water footprint profile of the process. The linear disposal path creates significant costs, environmental burdens and risks during the 1500 km transport of hazardous liquid waste. The combination of DD and MD, complemented with a zero-brine precipitation reactor, closes internal material loops, could save local water resources and reduces costs as well as environmental impacts. Reduction potentials of 70–80% regarding most LCA impact categories can be expected for the application of the novel technology combination supporting the galvanizing pre-treatment process under study. Therefore, the application of such technology on the way forward to a more circular economy is recommended from an environmental viewpoint, especially in process plants similar to the investigated one. Graphical Abstract

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Economic Benefits of Waste Pickling Solution Valorization

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison of Anion-Exchange Membranes for Diffusion Dialysis of Mixtures of Acids and Their Iron Salts

Comparison of Anion-Exchange Membranes for Diffusion Dialysis of Mixtures of Acids and Their Iron Salts

Treatment of Spent Pickling Solutions by Diffusion Dialysis Using Anion-Exchange Membrane Neosepta-AFN

Combining Membrane and Zero Brine Technologies in Waste Acid Treatment for a Circular Economy in the Hot-Dip Galvanizing Industry: A Life Cycle Perspective

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