Economic burden of managing Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Analysis from a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia

Ismail, Aniza; Suddin, Leny Suzana; Sulong, Saperi; Ahmed, Zafar; Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi; Sukor, Norlela

doi:10.4103/ijph.ijph_24_16

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Ten studies were observational cross-sectional studies, one study was a modeling study and another one was a randomized-controlled trial. Two-thirds ( n = 8) of the studies were conducted by local researchers in healthcare facilities in Malaysia [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Six international studies were initially identified during the selection process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another two studies that reported data at the aggregate level [ 38 , 39 ] were excluded in our analysis as they did not provide detailed country-specific cost estimates of diabetes. The remaining studies were region specific that included one study from the Peninsular Malaysia [ 33 ], one study in the state of Penang [ 30 ], two studies in the state of Kelantan [ 26 , 29 ], one study in the state of Selangor [ 28 ] and two studies in the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur [ 27 , 32 ]. The majority of the studies had sample size that ranged between 100 to 3500 (six studies) [ 26 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 36 ], three studies had sample sizes of less than 100 [ 27 , 30 , 34 ] and another three studies had no sample sizes calculated, as they used secondary data [ 31 , 35 , 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence-based approach is applied to estimate the economic burden that is attributed to the prevalence of cases over a specific period of time, while the incidence-based approach involves analyzing the cost of diabetes over a given period of time [ 41 ]. In this review, most studies ( n = 10) estimated the cost of diabetes using the prevalence-based approach [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 36 , 37 ], while two studies used an incidence-based approach for cost estimation [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study measured indirect and intangible costs [ 29 ]. Four studies estimated capital and recurrent costs [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The common ones include patient’s perspective, such as out-of-pocket payments, employer’s perspective like loss of productivity; health system perspective, like evaluating costs of hospital and primary healthcare (clinic services); government’s perspective, such as estimating the infrastructure or health promotion/support programs; and lastly, the societal perspective to evaluate income loss during the care for the sick [ 25 , 42 ]. In this review, the bulk of studies ( n = 7) reported cost estimates from the healthcare system (provider) perspective [ 27 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Four studies reported cost estimates from the government’s perspective [ 26 , 28 , 30 , 33 ], and only one study took a societal perspective [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of the Economic Burden of Type 2 Diabetes in Malaysia

Ganasegeran

Hor

Jamil

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Diabetes causes significant disabilities, reduced quality of life and mortality that imposes huge economic burden on societies and governments worldwide. Malaysia suffers a high diabetes burden in Asia, but the magnitude of healthcare expenditures documented to aid national health policy decision-making is limited. This systematic review aimed to document the economic burden of diabetes in Malaysia, and identify the factors associated with cost burden and the methods used to evaluate costs. Studies conducted between 2000 and 2019 were retrieved using three international databases (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE) and one local database (MyCite), as well as manual searches. Peer reviewed research articles in English and Malay on economic evaluations of adult type 2 diabetes conducted in Malaysia were included. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020151857), reported according to PRISMA and used a quality checklist adapted for cost of illness studies. Data were extracted using a data extraction sheet that included study characteristics, total costs, different costing methods and a scoring system to assess the quality of studies reviewed. The review identified twelve eligible studies that conducted cost evaluations of type 2 diabetes in Malaysia. Variation exists in the costs and methods used in these studies. For direct costs, four studies evaluated costs related to complications and drugs, and two studies were related to outpatient and inpatient costs each. Indirect and intangible costs were estimated in one study. Four studies estimated capital and recurrent costs. The estimated total annual cost of diabetes in Malaysia was approximately USD 600 million. Age, type of hospitals or health provider, length of inpatient stay and frequency of outpatient visits were significantly associated with costs. The most frequent epidemiological approach employed was prevalence-based (n = 10), while cost analysis was the most common costing approach used. The current review offers the first documented evidence on cost estimates of diabetes in Malaysia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study measured indirect and intangible costs [ 29 ]. Four studies estimated capital and recurrent costs [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of the Economic Burden of Type 2 Diabetes in Malaysia

Ganasegeran

Hor

Jamil

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Evaluation of intrafractional prostate displacement during prostate radiotherapy using real-time ultrasound system

et al. 2023

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Clarity ultrasound (US) is an image-guided radiotherapy system used for tracking intrafraction prostate displacements in real time. The objectives of this study are to evaluate intrafraction prostate displacements and derive planning target volume (PTV) margins for prostate radiotherapy at our institution. The ultrasound (US) data of nine prostate cancer patients referred for VMAT radiotherapy was retrieved. Prior to beam on, patient position was set up with the US probe positioned transperineally with the aid of reference images (fused US and computed tomography images). In each fraction, prostate displacements in three directions [superior/inferior (SI), left/right (LR) and anterior/posterior (AP)] were recorded. PTV margins were determined using Van Herk's formula. To assess the prostate displacement time trend, continuous displacement data were plotted in 30-second intervals for eight minutes. The intrafraction prostate monitoring found a population mean setup error (M p ) of 0.8, 0.1, -1.7 mm, a systematic error of (∑ p ) 0.7, 0.4, 0.9 mm and random error (σ p ) of 0.2, 0.1, 0.3 mm in SI, LR and AP directions, respectively. The PTV margin was found to be the largest in the AP direction at 2.5 mm compared with 1.9 mm and 1.1 mm for SI and LR directions, respectively. The PTV margin allowed for prostate radiotherapy at our institution was 2.5 mm in all directions. The prostate displacement time trend showed an increase in intrafraction displacements. Clarity is feasible for monitoring intrafraction displacement of the prostate and may facilitate PTV margin generation to account for such displacements during radiotherapy.

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Anti-diabetic drugs utilization pattern and its cost in managing Type 2 Diabetes patients in hospitals in Selangor, Malaysia

Yunus

Bakar

Musa

et al. 2018

Informatics in Medicine Unlocked

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Economic burden of managing Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Analysis from a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia

Abstract: Economic burden to provide T2DM care was higher in the outpatient setting due to the higher utilization of the health-care service in this setting. Thus, more focus toward improving T2DM outpatient service could mitigate further increase in health-care cost from this chronic disease.

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

A Systematic Review of the Economic Burden of Type 2 Diabetes in Malaysia

A Systematic Review of the Economic Burden of Type 2 Diabetes in Malaysia

Evaluation of intrafractional prostate displacement during prostate radiotherapy using real-time ultrasound system

Anti-diabetic drugs utilization pattern and its cost in managing Type 2 Diabetes patients in hospitals in Selangor, Malaysia

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