The issue of care has been the subject of extensive scholarly debate with reference to the advanced industrialized countries and their welfare regimes. Economic restructuring in the developing world has raised feminist concerns about social reproduction more broadly, and women's increasing burdens of unpaid care work in particular. While the present moment may not be marked by a generalized care crisis, systems of care provision are under strain in some contexts and for some social groups. Furthermore, care has emerged, or is emerging, as a legitimate subject of public debate and policy on the agendas of some civil society actors, developing country governments and international organizations. An increasing number of governments are experimenting with new ways of responding to care needs in their societies. However, these have been insufficiently recognized and analysed — a lacuna that the present collection of papers seeks to address. In an increasingly unequal world, where gender inequalities intersect with ever‐widening income inequalities, and where the options for securing good care are limited for the socially disadvantaged, the failure to socialize the costs of care will feed into and exacerbate existing inequalities.