Economic Development and the Belt and Road Initiative

Joshua, John

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28030-7_3

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Thirdly, positive reform can be driven through experience. Infrastructure projects are risky, and delays or underperformance commonplace as an increasing number of case studies highlight (Ali, 2020; Joshua, 2019; Shang, 2019). China would benefit from incorporating its growing experience in project selection and execution into the BRI expansion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have also been other cases involving Chinese contractors in Bangladesh and the Philippines, for example (Abi-Habib, 2018). Fortunately, there is an increasing number of insightful studies of a wide range of projects that can help identify these failings (Ali, 2020; Joshua, 2019; Shang, 2019).…”

Section: Threats To the Belt And Road Initiative: Internal Weaknessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viewpoint – could the belt and road initiative be derailed? An analysis of impediments to completion

Enderwick

2020

cpoib

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Purpose The continuation of China’s belt and road initiative (BRI) is assumed in most analyses. Yet, recent events have created significant reputational damage for China and Chinese businesses. With a trade war evolving into a hegemonic struggle, there are a number of potential developments that could derail the BRI. This paper aims to provide a contemporary review of the factors that could negatively impact its continuation, and what China has done to mitigate the risks. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive paper that groups possible disruptive factors into three groups: internal weaknesses of the BRI and its design; those related to China’s implementation of the BRI and external concerns and pressures. Findings China has actively reviewed and refined the BRI to reduce its perceived weaknesses and increase its attractiveness to potential participants, focussing on debt dependency, transparency and governance. However, this has occurred at the same time as growing concerns regarding China’s international assertiveness, the hegemonic challenge and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Research limitations/implications These changes are occurring within an extremely dynamic environment and any analysis at one point in time is subject to considerable limitations. However, the paper brings together a range of disparate perspectives in a structured manner. Originality/value The classification of possible threats to the BRI is original and provides insights into the relative significance of the diverse challenges that China faces. The paper concludes that while China’s operational focus on the mechanics of the BRI process is necessary, it may not be sufficient to ensure its continuing development. The paper identifies the next step which is conceptualisation of these ideas and of the BRI. Some guidance as to how this might be done is provided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Threats To the Belt And Road Initiative: Internal Weaknessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viewpoint – could the belt and road initiative be derailed? An analysis of impediments to completion

Enderwick

2020

cpoib

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“…Moreover, economic growth should be decoupled from transport carbon emissions as much as possible. A harmonious linkage with green, low carbon transport should be established, leading to complete freedom from the environmental Kuznets trap (Joshua, 2019).…”

Section: Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport-Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: Evidence From Belt and Road

Zhang,

Jiang,

Cai

et al. 2023

Sage Open

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The conundrum of how to balance economic growth with transportation carbon abatement has never been more vital for the Belt and Road countries. This study analyzes the Transport-Environmental Kuznets Curve nexus and explores the heterogeneity using fixed-effect estimation and panel data from 1981 to 2020 in 64 Belt and Road countries. The findings indicate that there is an N-shaped nexus between transport carbon emissions and economic growth. The environmental rebound effects in some Belt and Road countries are solidified from different perspectives and show a diamond-shaped lock-in feature. Moreover, most Belt and Road countries are still in the “climbing” stage and are struggling to reconcile economic growth with reducing transport carbon emissions. These conclusions have constructive policy implications for the Belt and Road countries at the various stages of “climbing,”“nearing or crossing the top,”“heading downhill,” and “rebounding” to advance the green transportation transformation strategy.

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“…102 For instance, the Middle East and Central Asia are rich in oil and gas resources, and Africa is rich in labor and has low costs. 103,104 However, economic growth that is based on resource endowment at the expense of the environment is unsustainable. 105,106 Therefore, when giving full play to their resource endowment advantages, the B&R countries should strike a balance between pollution prevention and green sustainable economic growth and pay more attention to environmental governance.…”

Section: Experimental Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic linkages between China’s OFDI, transport, and green economic growth: Empirical evidence from the B&R countries

Zhang

Jiang

Cai

et al. 2022

Energy & Environment

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China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) provides a window of opportunity for the Belt and Road (B&R) countries to solve their transportation challenges and achieve green economic growth. This study examines the causal relationship between China’s OFDI, transport, and green economic growth in 63 B&R countries from 2005 to 2019 using system GMM estimators. The empirical results indicate that there is a multifarious relationship between these factors. China’s OFDI can effectively facilitate the transport infrastructure construction of host countries, which will spur green economic growth. Moreover, the B&R countries with transport and green economic growth gap are more likely to contribute to China’s OFDI “attractiveness.” These conclusions provide a policy basis for the B&R countries to attract China’s OFDI, develop adequate transportation infrastructure, and enhance sustainable green economic growth.

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Economic Development and the Belt and Road Initiative

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Viewpoint – could the belt and road initiative be derailed? An analysis of impediments to completion

Viewpoint – could the belt and road initiative be derailed? An analysis of impediments to completion

Transport-Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: Evidence From Belt and Road

Dynamic linkages between China’s OFDI, transport, and green economic growth: Empirical evidence from the B&R countries

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