Economic Effect of the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Outbreaks Among Turkey Producers, 2005–06, Turkey

Abstract

This research assessed the direct economic effects of the 2005-06 HPAI outbreaks on contracted turkey producers in Turkey in 2007. The data were obtained from 71 randomly selected, contracted turkey farms (producing 23% of the national turkey meat in Turkey in 2005) from five provinces for four integrated firms, which account for 67% of the national turkey production. Each farm was visited once for an oral interview conducted by the authors in 2007, using a questionnaire survey. The financial data before and after highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreak periods were obtained from available financial records. Changes in production and economics parameters before and after the HPAI H5N1 outbreak periods were compared. In the analyses, the "before the HPAI H5N1 outbreak" period was stated as October 1, 2004, to May 31, 2005, whereas the "after the HPAI H5N1 outbreak" period was stated as the 8-mo between October 1, 2005, and May 31, 2006. The research revealed that changes in the technical parameters (number of hired labor, feed conversion rate, mortality rate, and the length of fattening period) were not found to be statistically significant at P > 0.05. However, there were severe effects of the HPAI H5N1 outbreaks on the economic parameters of the turkey production. The contracted turkey producers lost on average 0.9 cycles (38%) of production, and their management fees were reduced by 9.3% in the 8 mo after the outbreaks. As a result, the production level and enterprise income declined by 36% and 39%, respectively. About 93% of the producers did not do any other supplementary work during the idle production period; 59% of the producers had to use on average 4970TL (US$3200) from their personnel saving during the HPAI H5N1 outbreaks. About 62% of the producers stated that they had been considering expanding their businesses, but suspended the idea because of the outbreak, and 80% of the producers increased the biosecurity measures after the outbreaks. The futures of the contracted turkey producers are fully dependent on those of the integrated firms. Any negative effects on the latter appear to be directly transferred to the former. However, the government neglected contracted producers in the HPAI compensation programs.

Seasonal Patterns in Human A (H5N1) Virus Infection: Analysis of Global Cases

“…Human cases of HPAI H5N1 virus infection have been reported from 15 countries in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Many of these countries have limited healthcare resources [2], and HPAI H5N1 is causing substantial health, social, and economic burdens in poultry and agricultural sectors [3]–[6].…”

Origin of broiler carcass condemnations

“…In 2003 Year P<0.001 Interaction P<0.001 SEM = 1.977 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4 Origin of broiler carcass condemnations Muchon et al 5 Although the AI did not reach Brazil, new biosecurity requirements became necessary, raising production costs and, therefore, making it impossible for many producers to remain in the activity (Yalçin et al, 2010). When facing the health issue, the supply chain is also impacted by reduced poultry consumption and production as the meat industry is an essential buyer of inputs, among them, those necessary for poultry nutrition, which represents nearly 70% of the production cost (Morgan and Prakash, 2006).…”

Effect of biosecurity measures and early detection systems, mitigation measures and surveillance strategies on the spread of HPAI and LPAI between farms

“…The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. (Vahlenkamp et al, 2008) (Vasileiou et al, 2008) Study population (Veits et al, 2006) Not relevant outcomes (Vela et al, 2012) Not relevant outcomes (Velumani et al, 2008) Not relevant outcomes (Vergara-Alert et al, 2011) Not relevant outcomes (Vesikari et al, 2012) Study population (Vieira et al, 2009) Territory (Vivancos et al, 2011a) Study population (Vivancos et al, 2011b) Study population (Voeten et al, 2009) Not relevant outcomes (Vogel et al, 2009) Study population (Walker et al, 2010) Territory (Walker et al, 2012) Territory (H. Study population (Wan, 2012) Territory (X.-F. ) Territory Study population Territory ) Territory Not relevant outcomes Not relevant outcomes (Werner and Harder, 2006) Language (Whiteley et al, 2007) Study population (Wilson et al, 2013) Territory (Wu et al, 2006) Study population (Wu et al, 2015) Territory Not relevant outcomes (Xing et al, 2008) Not relevant outcomes (Yalcin et al, 2010) Not relevant outcomes (Yamaguchi et al, 2010) Territory Territory (Yang et al, 2012) Study population (Yang et al, 2007) Study population (Yassine et al, 2013) Study population The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as authors. This task has been carried out exclusively by the authors in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the authors, awarded following a tender procedure.…”