Economic evaluation of water supply systems operated with solar-driven electro-chlorination in rural regions in Nepal, Egypt and Tanzania

Otter, Philipp; Sattler, Wolfgang; Grischek, Thomas; Jaskolski, Martina; Mey, Emanuel; Ulmer, Nico; Großmann, Peter; Matthias, Fabien; Malakar, Pradyut; Goldmaier, Alexander; Benz, Florian; Ndumwa, Calvin

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2020.116384

Cited by 21 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is certain that the cost perspective widely depends on the stakeholder performing the economic analysis (e.g., developers, community of users, water agency) [44]. In this communication, cost comparison is based on a very recent cost analysis in a paper entitled "Economic evaluation of water supply systems operated with solar-driven electro-chlorination in rural regions in Nepal, Egypt and Tanzania" [3]. Covering three geographically distant countries, the analyses are practical and relevant for most of the situations in the developing world.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The international community has achieved the Millennium Development Goal 7C of halving the number of people without access to "improved" water supply by 2015 [1,2]. However, this success still leaves some 1.8 billion world citizens without safe drinking water, and 144 million continue to drink untreated surface water drawn from rivers or lakes [3,4]. It is hoped now, that through a synthesis of available knowledge and concerted research efforts, universal access to safe drinking water will be achieved by 2030 [1,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Universal Access to Safe Drinking Water: Escaping the Traps of Non-Frugal Technologies

Huang

Nya

Cao³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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This communication is motivated by recent publications discussing the affordability of appropriate decentralized solutions for safe drinking water provision in low-income communities. There is a huge contrast between the costs of presented technologies, which vary by a factor of up to 12. For example, for the production of 2000 L/d of treated drinking water, the costs vary between about 1500 and 12,000 Euro. A closer look at the technologies reveals that expensive technologies use imported manufactured components or devices that cannot yet be locally produced. In the battle to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal for safe drinking water (SDG 6.1), such technologies should be, at best, considered as bridging solutions. For a sustainable self-reliance in safe drinking water supply, do-it-yourself (DIY) systems should be popularized. These DIY technologies include biochar and metallic iron (Fe0) based systems. These relevant technologies should then be further improved through internal processes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal Access to Safe Drinking Water: Escaping the Traps of Non-Frugal Technologies

Huang

Nya

Cao³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Such approach, operates with a real secondary effluent and a flow rate of 50 L h −1 ; allowing complete E. coli depletion at current densities in the 5–10 A m −2 range. Otter et al. (2020) on the other hand, evaluated water supply systems operating with solar-driven electro-chlorination processes in rural regions ( Otter et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Economic Aspects and Scale-up Of The Photo-assisted Eaopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Otter et al. (2020) on the other hand, evaluated water supply systems operating with solar-driven electro-chlorination processes in rural regions ( Otter et al., 2020 ). This technology manages to supply communities with safe water.…”

Section: Economic Aspects and Scale-up Of The Photo-assisted Eaopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the disinfection of aqueous solutions: A review

et al. 2021

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Disinfection is usually the final step in water treatment and its effectiveness is of paramount importance in ensuring public health. Chlorination, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and ozone (O 3 ) are currently the most common methods for water disinfection; however, the generation of toxic by-products and the non-remnant effect of UV and O 3 still constitute major drawbacks. Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) on the other hand, appear as a potentially effective option for water disinfection. In these processes, the synergism between electrochemically produced active species and photo-generated radicals, improve their performance when compared with the corresponding separate processes and with other physical or chemical approaches. In photo-assisted EAOPs the inactivation of pathogens takes place by means of mechanisms that occur at different distances from the anode, that is: (i) directly at the electrode’s surface (direct oxidation), (ii) at the anode’s vicinity by means of electrochemically generated hydroxyl radical species (quasi-direct), (iii) or at the bulk solution (away from the electrode surface) by photo-electrogenerated active species (indirect oxidation). This review addresses state of the art reports concerning the inactivation of pathogens in water by means of photo-assisted EAOPs such as photo-electrocatalytic process, photo-assisted electrochemical oxidation, photo-electrocoagulation and cathodic processes. By focusing on the oxidation mechanism, it was found that while quasi-direct oxidation is the preponderant inactivation mechanism, the photo-electrocatalytic process using semiconductor materials is the most studied method as revealed by numerous reports in the literature. Advantages, disadvantages, trends and perspectives for water disinfection in photo-assisted EAOPs are also analyzed in this work.

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“…The decentralization of telecommunications in terms of decentralized finance and mobile phones can be regarded as already accomplished [35,36]. The decentralization of energy and water supply is far from accomplished, and the lack of appropriate technologies is certainly a key issue [34,37,38]. However, while special skills are required to transform all kinds of energetic raw materials (e.g., coal, sun, water) to electricity, water is available everywhere and sometimes already of drinking quality [33,39].…”

Section: The Status Of Rwh In the Scientific Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Water Resource Management: Rethinking the Contribution of Rainwater Harvesting

Huang

Nya

Rahman³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is generally perceived as a promising cost-effective alternative water resource for potable and non-potable uses (water augmentation) and for reducing flood risks. The performance of RWH systems has been evaluated for various purposes over the past few decades. These systems certainly provide economic, environmental, and technological benefits of water uses. However, regarding RWH just as an effective alternative water supply to deal with the water scarcity is a mistake. The present communication advocates for a systematic RWH and partial infiltration wherever and whenever rain falls. By doing so, the detrimental effects of flooding are reduced, groundwater is recharged, water for agriculture and livestock is stored, and conventional water sources are saved. In other words, RWH should be at the heart of water management worldwide. The realization of this goal is easy even under low-resource situations, as infiltration pits and small dams can be constructed with local skills and materials.

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Economic evaluation of water supply systems operated with solar-driven electro-chlorination in rural regions in Nepal, Egypt and Tanzania

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Universal Access to Safe Drinking Water: Escaping the Traps of Non-Frugal Technologies

Universal Access to Safe Drinking Water: Escaping the Traps of Non-Frugal Technologies

Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the disinfection of aqueous solutions: A review

Integrated Water Resource Management: Rethinking the Contribution of Rainwater Harvesting

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