Economic Injury Levels and Economic Thresholds for Cereal Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Spring-planted Wheat

Johnston, Richard L.; Bishop, Guy W.

doi:10.1093/jee/80.2.478

Cited by 28 publications

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“…We attribute most of this loss to S. avenae populations of 35.8 Ϯ 7.2 per head at GS 70. This would be consistent with yield losses of 12Ð13.9% reported from S. avenae populations of 5Ð10 per head at head emergence to anthesis (Shaoyou et al 1986, George and Gair 1979, Oakley and Walters 1994 and a 28% loss from 44 S. avenae per stem at the dough stage (GS 85) (Johnston and Bishop 1987). Management Implications.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…APHIDS CAUSE SIGNIFICANT economic loss on wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and other cereal grains by direct feeding injury Kantack 1980, 1988;Pike and Schaffner 1985;Johnston and Bishop 1987;Voss et al 1997) and by vectoring the viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf (Gill 1980, Jensen andDÕArcy 1995). Barley yellow dwarf is a worldwide economic problem on cereal grains (Plumb 1983) that can reduce grain yields by stunting root and shoot growth; as well as increasing host susceptibility to fungal pathogens, drought, and other environmental stress (Burnett 1984).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Abundance of Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Wheat and Their Role as Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Vectors in the South Carolina Coastal Plain

Chapin¹,

Thomas²,

Gray³

et al. 2001

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Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) seasonal flight activity and abundance in wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and the significance of aphid species as vectors of barley yellow dwarf virus were studied over a nine-year period in the South Carolina coastal plain. Four aphid species colonized wheat in a consistent seasonal pattern. Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and rice root aphid, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki), colonized seedlingwheat immediately after crop emergence, with apterous colonies usually peaking in December or January and then declining for the remainder of the season. These two aphid species are unlikely to cause economic loss on wheat in South Carolina, thus crop managers should not have to sample for the subterranean R. rufiabdominalis colonies. Bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), was the second most abundant species and the most economically important. Rhopalosiphum padi colonies usually remained below 10/row-meter until peaking in February or March. Barley yellow dwarf incidence and wheat yield loss were significantly correlated with R. padi peak abundance and aphid-day accumulation on the crop. Based on transmission assays, R. padi was primarily responsible for vectoring the predominant virus serotype (PAV) we found in wheat. Pest management efforts should focus on sampling for and suppressing this aphid species. December planting reduced aphid-day accumulation and barley yellow dwarf incidence, but delayed planting is not a practical management option. English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.), was the last species to colonize wheat each season, and the most abundant. Sitobion avenae was responsible for late-season virus transmission and caused direct yield loss by feeding on heads and flag leaves during an outbreak year.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Abundance of Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Wheat and Their Role as Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Vectors in the South Carolina Coastal Plain

Chapin¹,

Thomas²,

Gray³

et al. 2001

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“…Knowledge around the response of different plant stages to aphid/virus infestation can help in control strategies. For instance, control strategies based on economic thresholds can be developed based on specific plant growth stages as seen in spring wheat (Johnston & Bishop 1987), soybeans (Ragsdale et al 2007) and field peas (Maiteki & Lamb 1985a,b). In these studies, aphid densities were monitored at specific plant growth stages and their damage recorded to develop economic thresholds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aphid feeding and associated virus injury on grain crops in Australia

Valenzuela

Hoffmann

2014

Austral Entomology

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We review yield effects caused by aphid feeding and associated virus injury to cereal, oilseed and pulse crops, and estimate the potential economic loss caused by aphids in Australia. Potential yield reduction due to aphids was determined through a survey of quantitative data from experiments that assessed aphids' effect on grain yield. In cereals, four aphids caused damage; on barley, feeding injury caused by Rhopalosiphum padi + Rhopalosiphum maidis was most damaging in terms of yield reduction (25.5%) with an economic loss of $19/ha. Barley yellow dwarf virus transmitted by R. padi + Sitobion miscanthi was more damaging than direct feeding, causing a yield reduction of 39% and economic loss of $21/ha for wheat. On canola, beet western yellow virus transmitted by Myzus persicae caused the highest yield reduction of 34% and economic loss of $115/ha, although this was measured through artificial inoculations. Feeding injury was high in Brevicoryne brassicae which caused an average yield reduction of 34% and associated economic loss of $88.5/ha, while Lipaphis erysimi and M. persicae had negligible economic effects but more data are needed. On pulses, the most economically damaging (unidentified) aphids feeding on lupins caused a yield reduction of 43% and economic loss of $24/ha. The aphids M. persicae + Aphis craccivora + Acyrthosiphon kondoi reduced lupin yields by 13% and economic returns by $7.40/ha. On field peas, a 14% reduction in yield was caused by transmitted viruses such as pea seed-borne mosaic virus which caused economic losses of $20.50/ ha. In total, feeding and virus injuries resulted in potential economic costs of $241 and $482 million/year, respectively. Although this review provides estimates of potential yield and economic losses due to aphids, few data were available for some crops, aphid species or regions (e.g. oats). Nevertheless, economic costs associated with aphids appear substantial.

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“…The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.), is one of the most economically important species among cereal aphids infesting small grains in the northwestern USA (Feng etal., 1991;Johnston & Bishop, 1987) and in other grain-growing areas in the word (Vickerman & Wratten, 1979). This aphid species has been found to suffer from more frequent attack by the parasitoid species, Aphidius ervi Haliday, than any other species of cereal aphids (Feng et al, 1991.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Populations of Sitobion avenae and Aphidius ervi on spring wheat in the northwestern United States Spatial distribution and sequential sampling plans based on numerical and binomial counts

Feng

Nowierski

Zeng³

1993

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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During a three-year field survey of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) and the parasitoid, Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae; represented by aphid mummies) on spring wheat, data sets were generated which consisted of 47 estimates of mean density (m aphids per tiller), variance (s2), and the proportion of empty tillers (Po) for S. avenae and 22 estimates of the same statistics for A. ervi, respectively. Each estimate of the aphid and parasitoid populations was based on counts per individual tiller on each sampling occasion. Taylor's power law was found to fit the data sets better than Iwao's m*-m regression model. Taylor's slope for S. avenae (1.3076) was significantly higher than that for A. ervi (1.1519), indicating that S. avenae was more aggregated than A. ervi. Based on temporal changes in spatial aggregation represented by an index, 1/k [where k was estimated as m2/(s 2-m)], S. avenae was most aggregated at low densities during the early infestation period and tended to be less aggregated as density increased, whereas A. ervi was more likely to be randomly distributed. A common k was detected for neither S. avenae nor A. ervi because the slopes from the linear regression of k on m significantly exceeded 0. Sequential sampling plans, based on numerical (complete) and binomial (presence or absence) counts, for the aphid and parasitoid species were developed using Taylor's parameters and those estimated from the linear regression ofln(m) on In[ -ln[Po) ], respectively. Suggestions are made concerning the use of the sampling plans and the levels of precision that may be attained.

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Economic Injury Levels and Economic Thresholds for Cereal Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Spring-planted Wheat

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Seasonal Abundance of Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Wheat and Their Role as Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Vectors in the South Carolina Coastal Plain

Seasonal Abundance of Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Wheat and Their Role as Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Vectors in the South Carolina Coastal Plain

Effects of aphid feeding and associated virus injury on grain crops in Australia

Populations of Sitobion avenae and Aphidius ervi on spring wheat in the northwestern United States Spatial distribution and sequential sampling plans based on numerical and binomial counts

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